Effective attenuation of the noise level is an important problem in acoustic systems. In this paper, we propose a robust adaptive output feedback control scheme that can considerably attenuate narrow-band noises made up of periodic signals mixed with random noise in the presence of modeling uncertainties. The amplitude, phase and frequencies as well as the number of periodic terms are unknown and could vary with time. The performance and robustness of the proposed scheme with respect to unstructured modeling uncertainties are analyzed for continuous-time single-input, single-output systems; the results, however, are extendable to multi-channel systems. The successful attenuation of the unknown periodic components of the disturbance despite the time variations, modeling errors, and random noise is demonstrated using simulations. In addition, guidelines how to choose certain design parameters for performance improvement have been presented.