Adaptive Changes of opposite Sign in the Oculomotor Systems of the Two Eyes

Craske, Brian; Crawshaw, Martin

doi:10.1080/14640747408400392

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The term "visual adaptation" is used to designate adaptive change in the eye-head system that has phenomenal consequences for visual perception. The basic nature of such adaptation may be a change in either retinal local sign or registered eye position (e.g., Crawshaw & Craske, 1974;Harris, 1980). Current theory does not permit a test between these two possible accounts of visual change, and the present research is neutral with respect to this problem.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hallway walking without sight of the body usually produces more visual than proprioceptive adaptation (e.g., Redding, Clark, & Wallace, 1985;Redding & Wallace, 1976), but stationary viewing of the feet produces exclusively visual adaptation (Craske, 1967;Craske & Crawshaw, 1974. On the other hand, pointing at targets with the hand visible throughout the reaching movement tends to produce more proprioceptive than visual adaptation (e.g., Harris, 1965;Kalil & Freedman, 1966), but pointing with a view of the hand only at the end of the reaching movement tends to produce more visual than proprioceptive adaptation (e. g., Uhlarik & Canon, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perceptual-motor coordination and adaptation during locomotion: Determinants of prism adaptation in hall exposure

Redding

Wallace

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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Adaptation to prismatic displacement was examined under a number of conditions with locomotion in a hallway exposure. In general, total prism adaptation was inversely related to secondary cognitive load (presence or absence of mental arithmetic) and the relative magnitude of visual and proprioceptive shift depended upon the availability of visible sound sources in the hall environment. When the speaking experimenter was visible to the subject, visual shift was greater than proprioceptive shift, but when the experimenter was not visible and/or was silent, proprioceptive shift was greater than visual shift. No relationship has been detected between locomotion (walking rate) and either prism adaptation or cognitive load. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that the total adaptive response depends upon the available capacity to establish and maintain coordinative linkage between discordant systems, whereas locus of adaptive recalibration depends upon the direction of these coordinative linkages, discordance and adaptation occurring in the guided systemfs). The available capacity for coordinative linkage depends upon cognitive load, whereas the directionality of linkage is independently determined by task structure. Locomotion is assumed to be mediated by a sensorimotor system that does not involve the distorted positional information.The picture of perceptual-motor organization that has emerged from prism-adaptation research is both surprisingly simple and bewilderingly complex. The total adaptive response can usually be described in terms of local adaptive changes in a linear system (Howard, 1971(Howard, , 1982 and additive contributions from the various components of such a serially organized system

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual-motor coordination and adaptation during locomotion: Determinants of prism adaptation in hall exposure

Redding

Wallace

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The term visual adaptation is used to designate adaptive change in the eye-head system, which has phenomenal consequences for visual perception. The basic nature of such adaptation may be a change either in retinal local sign or in registered eye position (e.g., Craske & Crawshaw, 1974;Harris, 1980). Current theory does not permit a test between these two possible accounts of visual change, and the present research is neutral with respect to this problem.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual-motor coordination and prism adaptation during locomotion: A control for head posture contributions

Redding

Wallace

1987

Perception & Psychophysics

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Adaptation to prismatic displacement was examined under conditions of locomotion in hallways. The relative magnitude of visual and proprioceptive shift depended upon the availability of visible sound sources in the hall environment. When the speaking experimenter was visible to the subject, visual shift was greater than proprioceptive shift, but when the experimenter was not visible, proprioceptive shift was greater than visual shift. The fact that this result was obtained for both leftward and rightward displacements, with which different head postures are expected, argues against an interpretation in terms of changing head posture and associated muscle potentiation of eye and neck. The results are consistent with a model that assumes that the locus of adaptive recalibration depends upon the direction of coordinative linkages between components of the total perceptual-motor system. Registration of the degree of discordance and adaptation are assumed to reside in the guided system(s) and the directionality oflinkage is determined by task structure. Thus, visible sound sources provide for auditorially guided visual responses with consequent discordance registration and adaptation in the visual system. In the absence of visible sound sources, coordinative linkage of subsystems is assumed to consist in visual anticipation of proprioceptive encounters (e.g., first seeing a wall and then brushing it with the shoulder or arm) and consequent discordance registration and adaptation in the proprioceptive system.

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“…For example, when a subject is required to walk about hallways wearing prisms (hall exposure), adaptation is more visual than proprioceptive, especially when sight of the body is restricted (e.g., Redding, 1978;Redding & Wallace, 1976), but when a subject views his/her stationary feet (foot exposure), adaptation is entirely visual (Craske, 1967;Craske & Crawshaw, 1974, 1978. On the other hand, if a subject is allowed a continuous view of his/her reaching hand while wearing prisms (concurrent exposure), adaptation tends to be more proprioceptive than visual (e.g., Harris, 1965;Kalil & Freedman, 1966), but when sight of the hand is allowed only at the end of the reaching movement (terminal exposure), adaptation tends to be more visual than proprioceptive (e.g., Uhlarik & Canon, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a change in retinal local sign or in registered eye position (e.g., Craske & Crawshaw, 1974;Harris, 1980). Current theory does not permit a test between these two possible accounts of visual change, and the present research is neutral with respect to this problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%