Adaptive Contribution of Thyroid Hormones in Obesity

Abstract

Nowadays, obesity is seriously threatening healthy life in all societies, especially in developed societies. Obesity is showing its likely effects through biologically active substances called adipokines. The most familiar of these is leptin. Leptin is synthesized in directly proportional to the amount of adipose tissue and reduced appetite by stimulating the satiety center. This status is like a protective mechanism that tries to reverse severe pathological process. Similar to this behavior of leptin, thyroid hormones are increasing in the advanced stages of obesity, increasing the resting energy expenditure (REE). The accelerating oxidative phosphorylation causes the use of energy as heat, the energy that has not transformed into ATP, together with ATP synthesis. This situation, the significant portion of energy provides to consumed instead of storing as fat. In addition, finding that T3 accelerates glucose transport and the TCA cycle without changing the rate of ATP synthesis in skeletal muscles suggests that thyroid hormones may be an effective tool in standing against obesity. In addition of that, the presence of studies indicating that thyroid hormones have an increasing tendency in the advanced stages of obesity is likely thought to be a rescuer mechanism to increase the effectiveness of suppressed thyroid hormones. On the contrary of these ideas, having been reported suppressing 5’-deiodinease enzyme activity in chronic diseases causes anxiety about the effectiveness of thyroid hormones in obesity. Based on available information, we aimed to prepare a review evaluating of this adaptive condition of thyroid hormones.

The Effect of Sweet-tasting Foods Addiction on Appetite-related Hormones among Obese Adolescents

“…As a result of the TSH elevation, there is an increment in the cardiovascular risk. Similar findings were detected by Ozcelik et al [28].…”

“…Thyroid hormones (T3 triiodothyronine and T4 thyroxine) act on nearly every cell in the body. They act as regulatory agents, are involved in energy balance, increasing the basal metabolic rate and lipolysis, regulate the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, and suppress the thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations [28]. The levels of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly lower in the obese group than the control group, while the reverse was true regarding the TSH.…”