Adaptive immunity: Based on the dual recognition responses of αβT cells

Liu, Yanming; Luo, Jing; Bennett, C.E.

doi:10.4161/self.1.1.10441

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…T-cell recognition has two modes, which means that two entirely different patterns-response and nonresponseexist based on antigen peptides that are presented by bound MHC molecules with high affinity. 27 In other words, any antigen peptide that is presented by certain HLA-restricted MHC molecules is prone to homogenously bind with the corresponding T cells due to a positive selection effect. This establishes a nonresponse mode and further demonstrates tolerance or T-cell nonresponse, if the quantity of antigen peptides does not exceed the activation threshold for T-cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T‐cell recognition has two modes, which means that two entirely different patterns—response and nonresponse—exist based on antigen peptides that are presented by bound MHC molecules with high affinity . In other words, any antigen peptide that is presented by certain HLA‐restricted MHC molecules is prone to homogenously bind with the corresponding T cells due to a positive selection effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA,and BAG6 polymorphisms with the risk of carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Chinese Han patients with epilepsy

Jian

et al. 2014

Epilepsia

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SUMMARYObjective: This study explored the association between the risk of carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and CBZ dose, dose-adjusted concentration, and ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA, and BAG6 polymorphisms in patients of Han ethnicity with epilepsy who were living in northeastern China. Materials and methods: We determined the genotypes of patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN and CBZ-tolerant patients, who were used as controls, for ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA, and BAG6 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing. We measured the steady-state serum CBZ concentrations using fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the control patients. Results: We observed statistically significant differences in EPHX1 c.337T>C polymorphisms between patients with CBZ-SJS/TEN and CBZ-tolerant controls in terms of allelic and genotypic frequencies (p = 0.011 and p = 0.007, respectively). The C allele and the C-G diplotype of EPHX1 may play important roles in increasing the risk of CBZ-SJS/TEN development (odds ratio [OR] 0.478, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.267-0.855, p = 0.011; OR = 0.213, 95% CI = 0.049-0.930, p = 0.025, respectively). We did not observe any significant associations between ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA or BAG6 genes and CBZ dose or dose-adjusted concentration in CBZ-tolerant patients. Significance: We found a significant association between EPHX1 c.337T>C polymorphisms and the development of CBZ-SJS/TEN in patients of Han ethnicity living in northeastern China. EPHX1 c.337T>C polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of severe CBZ-SJS/TEN by increasing the concentration of a CBZ metabolite, CBZ-10,11-epoxide, in patients with epilepsy. KEY WORDS: carbamazepine, SJS/TEN, EPHX1.Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a first-line choice for drug monotherapy for the treatment of partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and it is the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug (AED) for adult-onset seizure disorders in the developed world. However, CBZ is associated with hypersensitivity reactions that range from benign urticaria to life-threatening cutaneous disorders, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and the related disease toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The mortality rate of SJS/TEN is nearly 30%. In 2004, a strong association was

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA,and BAG6 polymorphisms with the risk of carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Chinese Han patients with epilepsy

Jian

et al. 2014

Epilepsia

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“…Immune memory can confer protection up to the lifetime of the organism (measles is a good example in this regard). The adaptive immune system primarily consists of certain types of white blood cells, called lymphocytes, which circulate the body via the blood and lymph systems [21].…”

Section: Adaptive Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological review of traditional medicinal plants as immunomodulator

Parbat¹,

Malode²,

Shaikh³

et al. 2021

World J. Bio. Pharm. Health Sci.

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Medicinal plants play significant roles in the prevention of human beings from various pathogenic microorganisms and diseases. The immunomodulators are agents used to modulate the immune system and can be obtained from both natural as well as synthetic origin from plants and chemicals. Alteration within the system is often achieved by immunomodulatory agents from a plant source, low molecular weight compounds like alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, terpenes, phenols, and high molecular weight compounds like lectins, polysaccharides. The Immune system is a part of the body to detect the pathogen by using a specific receptor to produce an immediate response by the activation of immune components cells, cytokines, and chemokines and also release of an inflammatory mediator. This review also discusses various ethnopharmacological information of traditional medicinal plants being used as immunomodulators.

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“…The immune system in human can generally by classified into two different arms (i.e. innate and adaptive) based on a few general parameters such as speed of response, specificity and memory capabilities (68)(69)(70)(71), although the memory aspect has been recently discussed under the spotlight with the new paradigm of trained immunity (72,73).…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunosenescence of �? & ?� T cells in human blood and skin

Xu¹

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Adaptive immunity: Based on the dual recognition responses of αβT cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Association of ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA,and BAG6 polymorphisms with the risk of carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Chinese Han patients with epilepsy

Association of ABCB1, CYP3A4, EPHX1, FAS, SCN1A, MICA,and BAG6 polymorphisms with the risk of carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in Chinese Han patients with epilepsy

Ethnopharmacological review of traditional medicinal plants as immunomodulator

The Immunosenescence of �? & ?� T cells in human blood and skin

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