Adaptive middleware design for CPS

García-Valls, Marisol; Baldoni, Roberto

doi:10.1145/2834965.2834968

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A section of the research community, especially for large and complex CPS systems 20,21 , has studied properties that affect QoS) 22 , and many researchers have come up with technology and middleware to provide improved QoS awareness in CPS systems 5,23,24 . Specifically, there has been a considerable effort focused on building adaptive CPS systems that can maintain QoS guarantees while responding to changes in context and environment 4 . There also have been some developments in the estimation of QoS of existing CPS systems, and in techniques to improve the QoS with location-aware personalization techniques 5 .…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, if a system is said to satisfy QoS, it should imply that it does so relative to the context. As per the existing body of research in this area, QoS has not yet been defined in terms of the context in which the system is used [4][5][6][7] . There has been a considerably large body of work devoted to the development of making systems context-aware, i.e., able to better adapt to the situation at the time of execution and the execution environment [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

Sidhanta,

Chokwitthaya,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There is a lot of confusion and ambiguity regarding the quantification of the Quality of Service (QoS) * of a system, especially for cyber-physical systems (CPS) involved in automating or controlling the operations in built environments and critical urban infrastructures, such as office buildings, factories, transportation systems, smart cities, etc. In these cases, the QoS, as experienced by human users, depends on the context in which they (i.e., humans) interact with these systems. Traditionally, the QoS of a CPS has been defined in terms of absolute metrics. Such measures are unable to take into account the variations in performance due to contextual factors arising out of different kinds of human interactions. Further, the QoS of a CPS has typically been evaluated by comparing the performance of the actual, fully realized system with the given QoS constraints only after the actual system has been completely developed. In the case of faults in the design exposed by observed deviations from the QoS constraints due to unpredicted variations in the contextual factors, the system needs to be redesigned and redeveloped from scratch. Due to the above-mentioned reason, the validation approach associated with the traditional QoS makes the design of CPS systems prohibitively expensive, impractical, as well as infeasible in numerous application areas, such as civil and engineering works, since it may not be possible to modify the system once developed beyond a certain extent. To that end, we propose a context-aware definition of QoS of a CPS which facilitates the design of robust systems as elaborated below. In this paper, we define QoS as a function of contextual factors. A CPS designed according to our QoS specifications would always satisfy the QoS irrespective of any possible changes in contextual factors resulting from many different human interactions that may occur during operation of the system. We also present QACDes-a novel framework that provides a formal mechanism for validating the design of a CPS with respect to the specified QoS constraints at the design phase as well as after the realization of the actual system. QACDes can validate any given CPS, irrespective of its application domain, against a QoS guarantee: A) as early as even before the design phase by comparing the proposed model with a baseline model, or B) after the realization of the actual system based on logs collected from running the actual system. Using the automated lighting control system in a building † as a use case, we analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of our QoS definition as well as the QACDes framework against the performance metric measured in an actual fully-realized CPS.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

Sidhanta,

Chokwitthaya,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The Raspberry Pi is in the same local area network (LAN) as the Versasense Edge Gateway. Khronos obtains the relevant network status information from the Versasense Edge Gateway through a CoAP 7 API, which is a client-server model similar to REST but designed for resource-constrained devices. Additionally, the Ver-saSense Edge Gateway listens for connections to a websocket 8 , which enables full-duplex communication over a single TCP connection.…”

Section: Middlewarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the diversity and heterogeneity of CPS architectures makes it hard for a general purpose middleware to keep track of the afore mentioned trade-off. A dedicated middleware is required that enables developers to easily manage the timeliness and completeness of events flowing from the CPS to their application, without requiring additional configuration from the user by relying on his/her knowledge of the underlying infrastructure [7,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khronos

Peros

Delbruel

Michiels

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-Based Systems

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Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) combine communication, computation and data storage capabilities to oversee and control physical processes in domains including manufacturing, medical monitoring and smart grids. CPS behavior can be remotely monitored by aggregating event data from various sensors, forwarded over wireless networks. One of the main challenges for CPS application developers is to manage event arrival-time boundaries and to trade off between timeliness and completeness: waiting too long until all events arrive can fail to produce a useful result, while not waiting long enough may lead to faults because the status information is incomplete. Monitoring the production lines in a factory, for example, depends on the aggregation of event data from multiple sensors in the distributed CPS, such as temperature and movement. Yet, predicting time-boundaries for individual event arrivals is difficult, if not impossible, for an application developer, because the wireless network and the sensing devices introduce latencies which vary continuously along with the load, status or environmental conditions of the network and the sensors. This paper proposes Khronos, a middleware that automatically determines timeouts for event arrivals that improve timeliness, given completeness constraint(s) specified by the CPS application developer and taking into account variations in event propagation delays. Extensive evaluations on a physical testbed show that Khronos considerably improves timeliness under varying network configurations and conditions, while satisfying application-specific completeness constraints. CCS Concepts• Information systems → Stream management; • Networks → Network monitoring; • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; • Software and its engineering → Middleware;

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“…Improved resource management to the operating systems has also enabled the higher efficiency in these solutions. Recently, the Oma-Cy architecture (García-Valls and Baldoni, 2015) has provided a reference design to implement middleware for cyber-physical systems such as , where the on-line verification part is of paramount importance to support dynamic behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototyping low-cost and flexible vehicle diagnostic systems

García-Valls

2016

ADCAIJ

Self Cite

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Distribution middleware; Diagnostic systems; Software design Diagnostic systems are software and hardware-based equipment that interoperate with an external monitored system. Traditionally, they have been expensive equipment running test algorithms to monitor physical properties of, e.g., vehicles, or civil infrastructure equipment, among others. As computer hardware is increasingly powerful (whereas its cost and size is decreasing) and communication software becomes easier to program and more run-time efficient, new scenarios are enabled that yield to lower cost monitoring solutions. This paper presents a low cost approach towards the development of a diagnostic system relying on a modular componentbased approach and running on a resource limited embedded computer. Results on a prototype implementation are shown that validate the presented design, its flexibility, performance, and communication latency.

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Adaptive middleware design for CPS

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

QACDes: QoS-Aware Context-sensitive Design of Cyber-Physical Systems

Khronos

Prototyping low-cost and flexible vehicle diagnostic systems

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