Adaptive Multi-state Millimeter Wave Cell Selection Scheme for 5G communication

Abstract

<p>Millimeter wave bands have been introduced as one of the most promising solutions to alleviate the spectrum secrecy in the upcoming future cellular technology (5G) due the enormous amount of raw bandwidth available in these bands. However, the inherent propagation characteristics of mmWave frequencies could impose new challenges i.e. higher path loss, atmospheric absorption, and rain attenuation which in turn increase the outage probability and hence, degrading the overall system performance. Therefore, in this paper, a novel flexible scheme is proposed namely Adaptive Multi-State MmWave Cell Selection (AMSMC-S) through adopting three classes of mmWave base stations, able to operate at various mmWave carrier frequencies (73, 38 and 28 GHz). Two mmWave cellular Grid-Based cell deployment scenarios have been implemented with two inter-site-distances 200 m and 300 m, corresponding to target area of (2.1 km2) and (2.2 km2). The maximum SINR value at the user equipment (UE) is taken in to consideration to enrich the mobile user experience. Numerical results show an improvement of overall system performance, where the outage probability reduced significantly to zero while maintaining an acceptable performance of the 5G systems with approximately more than 50% of the mobile stations with more than 1Gbps data rate. </p>

Energy-efficient user association mechanism enabling fully hybrid spectrum sharing among multiple 5G cellular operators

“…However, as the objective of this work is to maximize the EE for each individual UE-mBS link while maintaining a certain level of QoE to the UEs, an efficient UA is involved to associate the user with the mBSs that provides the best trade-off between rate provisioning and power consumption. Therefore, the EE is defined in (6) as the number of achievable bits divided by the consumed energy (bits/Joule) for the associated UE-mBS link represented by (𝒰𝒦) [25]:…”

“…Despite such a wide spectrum range, it is still not unlimited if other services that utilize the same bands are considered [5]. Nevertheless, due to the limited coverage range of mmWave communications [6], adding more minicell towers or relays throughout the hot spot area is essential to achieve better QoS. This may exacerbate the problem of energy consumption as more mmWave base stations (mBSs) are deployed.…”

Comparative study of several operation modes of AES algorithm for encryption ECG biomedical signal

“…However, this results in a new challenge in terms of the security for transmission of an ECG signal template [5]. Thus, it is vital that huge amounts of data traffic [6], with a variety of security requirements be easily handled in the healthcare systems and be transmitted and stored while ensuring a high level of security [7,8]. The cryptography technology is a science of data secueity, which includes the use of a cipher, describes a process of encrypting information so that its meaning is hidden and thus, remain securing from unauthorized access, and network hacking [9,10].…”

Relay Selection for 5G New Radio Via Artificial Neural Networks

“…Relay selection in multi-hop communication was shown an adorable technique for mobile communication over mmWave frequency bands [2], [3] The sensitivity of mmWave signal to fading remains a fundamental challenge in communication systems especially for 5G era. Authors of [4] have proposed a novel adaptive multi-state selection utilizing different of mmWave frequencies. The fifth-communications generation goals are prioritized base on three pillar which are enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable, low latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC).…”