Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Aeschlimann, Martin; Bauer, Michael; Bayer, Daniela; Brixner, Tobias; Abajo, F. Javier García de; Pfeiffer, Walter; Rohmer, Martin; Spindler, C.; Steeb, Felix

doi:10.1038/nature05595

Cited by 517 publications

(443 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Characterization and well-defined excitation of such eigenmodes is important in order to achieve welldefined functionality in devices [2,3] and to successfully apply techniques of coherent control [4][5][6][7]. Nanoantennas consisting of two strongly coupled particles can serve as a model system to study the impact of mode selectivity [6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

et al. 2010

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The number of eigenmodes in plasmonic nanostructures increases with complexity due to mode hybridization, raising the need for efficient mode characterization and selection. Here we experimentally demonstrate direct imaging and selective excitation of the "bonding" and "antibonding" plasmon mode in symmetric dipole nanoantennas using confocal two-photon photoluminescence mapping. Excitation of a high-qualityfactor antibonding resonance manifests itself as a two-lobed pattern instead of the single spot observed for the broad "bonding" resonance, in accordance with numerical simulations. The two-lobed pattern is observed due to the fact that excitation of the antibonding mode is forbidden for symmetric excitation at the feedgap, while concomitantly the mode energy splitting is large enough to suppress excitation of the "bonding" mode. The controlled excitation of modes in strongly coupled plasmonic nanostructures is mandatory for efficient sensors, in coherent control as well as for implementing well-defined functionalities in complex plasmonic devices. IntroductionPlasmonic nanostructures consisting of particular arrangements of closely spaced resonant particles are of great interest since they offer a variety of eigenmodes that evolve due to mode hybridization [1]. Characterization and well-defined excitation of such eigenmodes is important in order to achieve welldefined functionality in devices [2,3] and to successfully apply techniques of coherent control [4][5][6][7]. Nanoantennas consisting of two strongly coupled particles can serve as a model system to study the impact of mode selectivity [6,8,9]. Upon illumination nanoantennas confine and enhance optical fields [10,11] and can therefore be used to tailor the interaction of light with nanomatter [12]. Various applications of nanoantennas have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, including enhanced single-emitter fluorescence [13][14][15], enhanced Raman scattering [16,17], near-field polarization engineering [18][19][20], high-harmonic generation [21,22], as well as applications in integrated optical nanocircuitry [23,24]. The longitudinal resonances of a symmetric dipole antenna can be understood in terms of hybridization of the longitudinal resonances of individual antenna arms, caused by the coupling over the narrow feedgap [25,26]. Such coupling causes a mode splitting into a lower-energy "bonding" mode and a higher-energy "antibonding" mode, respectively (Fig. 1). Limited by the uncertainty of conventional nanofabrication, it is often difficult to fabricate antenna arrays with a reproducible gap size below 20 nm, which is necessary to achieve significant energy splitting between the bonding and the antibonding mode. As a result, the existence of the antibonding antenna resonance has hardly been considered, although it may offer interesting opportunities, such as impedance tunability, a high quality factor due to its weakly radiative nature, the launching of propagating plasmon modes with increased propagation lengths [27] and spatial select...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

et al. 2010

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“…Theoretical results are contrasted and confirmed with experiments for selected structures. Smart nanoscale systems are able to interact with light in an intricate fashion [1], which is strongly dependent on the internal electromagnetic interaction between the constituent elements of the system. Plasmonic structures composed of a number of individual elements, for example, give rise to Fano resonance effects that induce electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction effects on the magneto-optical response of magnetoplasmonic dimers

Sousa

Froufe‐Pérez

Armelles³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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The effect that dipole-dipole interactions have on the magneto-optical (MO) properties of magnetoplasmonic dimers is theoretically studied. The specific plasmonic versus magnetoplasmonic nature of the dimer's metallic components and their specific location within the dimer play a crucial role in the determination of these properties. We find that it is possible to generate an induced MO activity in a purely plasmonic component, even larger than that of the MO one, therefore dominating the overall MO spectral dependence of the system. Adequate stacking of these components may allow one to obtain, for specific spectral regions, larger MO activities in systems with a reduced amount of MO metal and therefore with lower optical losses. Theoretical results are contrasted and confirmed with experiments for selected structures. Smart nanoscale systems are able to interact with light in an intricate fashion [1], which is strongly dependent on the internal electromagnetic interaction between the constituent elements of the system. Plasmonic structures composed of a number of individual elements, for example, give rise to Fano resonance effects that induce electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Similar phenomena have also been found in magnetoplasmonic nanosystems [9], i.e., those sharing magnetic and plasmonic functionalities and that therefore allow a further degree of freedom, namely, the external control of the system response [10][11][12][13][14]. By an adequate design of their internal structure, it is possible to obtain configurations which provide enhanced magnetooptical (MO) activity upon plasmon resonance excitation [15][16][17][18], which allow one to probe the electromagnetic (EM) field distribution inside a metallic nanoelement [19], or which yield high MO activity and low optical losses with MO figures of merit comparable with those of garnet structures [13]. Furthermore, in dimers where one of the elements is purely plasmonic and the other is of magnetoplasmonic nature, interaction effects cause the magnetoplasmonic component to induce MO activity in the plasmonic one (which intrinsically lacks MO activity) [20]. For specific interelement distances, which determine the interaction between them, this brings as a consequence the equivalent of the EIT in the MO spectrum of the system, i.e., a cancellation of the MO activity in a narrow spectral range due to the competition between the intrinsic MO contribution of the magnetoplasmonic component and the induced MO contribution of the plasmonic one [20]. As this effect exhibits a narrow spectral feature in the MO response, it may find applications in sensing and telecommunication areas, and a complete understanding will help in the development of novel sensing and biosensing architectures as well as MO devices.* a.garcia.martin@csic.esIn this context, these induced MO activity effects and their influence on the overall MO activity of the system for specific ranges of interaction lead to the consideration of additional issues where th...

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“…[61][62][63][64][65] Its spatial resolution does not depend on the incident electromagnetic light-field but on the electron detection optics. The low kinetic energy of emitted electrons and specific, sample topography related artefacts impose a limit of some tens of nanometres, 61,64,66 with an (electron-) energy resolution of currently $50 meV. 66 Pulsed, multi-photon excitation, most notably two-photon photoemission (2PPE), has added options for time-resolved (TR) measurements [62][63][64][65]67 to allow direct mapping of the dynamics in nanoplasmonic systems in space and time.…”

Section: Nearfield Optical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-space imaging of nanoplasmonic resonances

Vogelgesang

Dmitriev

2010

Analyst

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Resonant nanoplasmonic structures have long been recognized for their unique applications in subwavelength control of light for enhanced transmission, focussing, field confinement, decay rate management, etc. Increasingly, they are also integrated in electro-optical analytical sensors, shrinking the active volume while at the same time improving sensitivity and specificity. The microscopic imaging of resonances in such structures and also their dynamic variations has seen dramatic advances in recent years. In this Minireview we outline the current status of this rapidly evolving field, discussing both optical and electron microscopy approaches, the limiting issues in spatial resolution and data interpretation, the quantities that can be recorded, as well as the growing importance of time-resolving methods.

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Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Cited by 517 publications

References 29 publications

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

Interaction effects on the magneto-optical response of magnetoplasmonic dimers

Real-space imaging of nanoplasmonic resonances

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