Added Sugar and Dental Caries in Children

Donald, L.; Scott, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.003

Cited by 97 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Overconsumption of added sugars has been identified as an important public health concern [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Among children, intake of added sugars has been associated with increased weight gain/adiposity [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], poor diet quality [ 9 ], dental caries [ 10 , 11 ], and increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Added sugars, which provide calories but have no nutritional benefit, include sugars, syrups, or caloric sweeteners that are added to foods and beverages during processing, food preparation (at home, restaurants, or other places), or at the table [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added Sugars in School Meals and the Diets of School-Age Children

2021

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Research is limited on added sugars in school meals and children’s dietary intakes after the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended that added sugars be limited to less than 10% of total calories. This analysis uses data from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study (SNMCS) to examine levels of added sugars in: (1) school meals and (2) children’s dietary intakes at breakfast, lunch, and over 24 h on school days. SNMCS data were collected in the 2014–2015 school year after updated nutrition standards for school meals were implemented. Most schools exceeded the DGA limit for added sugars at breakfast (92%), while 69% exceeded the limit at lunch. The leading source of added sugars in school meals (both breakfasts and lunches) was flavored skim milk. More than 62% of children consumed breakfasts that exceeded the DGA limit, and almost half (47%) consumed lunches that exceeded the limit. Leading sources of added sugars in the breakfasts consumed by children were sweetened cold cereals and condiments and toppings; leading sources of added sugars in children’s lunches were flavored skim milk and cake. Over 24 h, 63% of children exceeded the DGA limit. These findings show that school meals and children’s dietary intakes are high in added sugars relative to the DGA limit and provide insights into the types of foods that should be targeted in order to decrease levels of added sugars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added Sugars in School Meals and the Diets of School-Age Children

2021

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“…Dental health professionals are considered to be in a position to detect caries and address problematic sugar-related behaviors in children. Additionally, they play a role in advocacy by bringing the stakeholders together and facilitating the implementation of effective policy tools including taxes, warning labels, and policy changes that can help to reduce added sugar intake, prevent tooth decay, and improve health outcomes in vulnerable child populations [ 21 ]. The right feeding practices are important for children at an early age; thus, effective prevention may include parents beyond the dental team [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significance of early detection and the prevention of ECC has been emphasized by several studies [ 6 , 19 , 20 ]. In a US-based study, a strong association was described between sugar intake and caries experience and also between added sugar intake and social background, such as socioeconomic disadvantage or level of urbanization [ 21 ]. The area characteristics, such as sugary food accessibility through local stores, also have an impact on the prevalence of ECC [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

et al. 2021

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The associations among early childhood caries (ECC), socioeconomic status, and sugar consumption are of the utmost importance, due to their potential policy implications. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in ECC burden in children under 5 years old among European Union (EU) member states over time and to evaluate the relationship with its risk factors. Global Burden of Disease 2019 data were analyzed to estimate the burden of ECC over time, specifically incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for children under 5 years old. Four ecological variables with a potential effect on YLDs for ECC were used to investigate the association between 2014 and 2017. The YLDs rate was consistently higher among Eastern EU countries over time. Univariate models showed a positive significant association between at-risk-of-poverty rate and YLDs rate, while GDP per capita and urbanization were inversely associated with YLDs rate. In the multivariate analysis, sugar consumption, GDP per capita and urbanization showed significant association with YLDs rate. After stratification by region, association remained significant only in the Eastern EU countries between GDP, urbanization, and YLDs rate, while sugar consumption and at-risk-of-poverty rate had no significant impact on YLDs rates. This study found increasing ECC burden in the EU. The complexity of the problem indicates the need for innovative and personalized policy approaches to tackle the disease.

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“…In particular, genes (gnat3, slc2a4, tas1r1, and tas1r2) related to the sweet taste receptor, glucose transport (GLUT2), or specific clinical genotypes, have a decisive influence on the development of specific preferences regarding taste [88]. Systematic reviews show that, despite educational programs or interventions concerning nutritional behavior among children, the problem still exists [89][90][91][92]. It turns out that taste preferences regarding the willingness to take sugar determine the increased risk of dental caries and overall poor health much more than promoting a healthy lifestyle by limiting sugar consumption, which seems to be less decisive for the final success in fighting the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Sweet Taste Perception and Its Association with the Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Profile in Preschool Children with Caries

et al. 2020

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The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis about differences in sweet taste perception in the group of preschool children with and without caries, and to determine its relationship with cariogenic microbiota and the frequency of sweets consumption in children. The study group included of 63 children aged 2–6 years: 32 with caries and 31 without caries. The study consisted of collecting questionnaire data and assessment of dental status using the decayed, missing, filled in primary teeth index (dmft) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). The evaluation of sweet taste perception was carried out using a specific method that simultaneously assessed the level of taste preferences and the sensitivity threshold for a given taste. The microbiological analysis consisted of the assessment of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the oral microbiota of the examined children. The sweet taste perception of children with caries was characterized by a lower susceptibility to sucrose (the preferred sucrose solution concentration was >4 g/L) compared to children without caries (in the range ≤ 4 g/L, p = 0.0015, chi-square test). A similar relationship was also observed for frequent snacking between meals (p = 0.0038, chi-square test). The analysis of studied variables showed the existence of a strong positive correlation between the perception of sweet taste and the occurrence and intensity of the cariogenic process (p = 0.007 for dmft; and p = 0.012 for ICDAS II), as well as the frequency of consuming sweets (p ≤ 0.001 for frequent and repeated consumption of sweets during the day, Spearman test) in children with caries. Additionally, children with an elevated sucrose taste threshold were more than 10-times more likely to develop S. mutans presence (OR = 10.21; 95% CI 3.11–33.44). The results of this study suggest the future use of taste preferences in children as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of increased susceptibility to caries through microbial dysbiosis towards specific species of microorganisms.

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Added Sugar and Dental Caries in Children

Cited by 97 publications

References 107 publications

Added Sugars in School Meals and the Diets of School-Age Children

Added Sugars in School Meals and the Diets of School-Age Children

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

Differences in Sweet Taste Perception and Its Association with the Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Profile in Preschool Children with Caries

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