Adding wheat middlings, microbial phytase, and citric acid to corn-soybean meal diets for growing pigs may replace inorganic phosphorus supplementation.

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted with 96 growing Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc crossbreds to determine the collective effectiveness of cereal phytase from wheat middlings, microbial phytase, and citric acid in improving phytate-P bioavailability in corn-soy diets. In Exp. 1, 40 gilts (7 wk old) were fed five diets for 8 wk. Diets 1, 2, and 3 were low-P, corn-soybean meal diets (CSB) + 0, .1, or .2% inorganic P (Pi) as calcium phosphate, respectively. Diet 4 was a similar corn-soy diet that included 15% wheat middlings (461 cereal phytase U/kg). Diet 5 was the CSB + microbial phytase (1,200 U/kg; Natuphos, BASF, Mount Olive, NJ). In Exp. 2, 16 barrows (8 wk old) were fed two diets for 6 wk. Diet 1 was the same as Diet 3 of Exp. 1 (.2% Pi). Diet 2 was Diet 4 of Exp. 1 + microbial phytase (300 U/kg). In Exp. 3, 40 barrows and gilts (6 wk old) were fed four diets for 6 wk. Diets 1 and 2 were the same as those in Exp. 2. Diet 3 was Diet 2 of Exp. 2 + 1.5% citric acid. Diet 4 was similar to Diet 3 but contained 10 instead of 15% wheat middlings. In Exp. 1, pigs fed the low-P, CSB (Diet 1) had lower (P < .05) ADG, ADFI, plasma Pi concentration, bone strength, and mobility score than pigs of the other four treatments. Measurements for pigs fed the 15% wheat middlings diet were not significantly different from those of pigs fed the CSB + .1% Pi or microbial phytase. In Exp. 2, ADG (P=.06) during wk 1 to 3 and gain:feed ratio (P < .02) and plasma Pi concentration (P < .005) during all weeks favored pigs fed the CSB + .2% Pi compared with the other diet including 15% wheat middlings. In Exp. 3, identical ADG during all weeks and similar plasma Pi concentrations at wk 4 and 6 were observed between pigs fed the two citric acid diets (Diets 3 and 4) and the CSB + .2% Pi (Diet 1). Pigs fed Diet 4 (10% wheat middlings) had even higher (P < .02) gain:feed ratio during wk 1 to 3 than those fed Diet 1. It seems feasible to completely replace calcium phosphate with 10 to 15% wheat middlings, 300 U microbial phytase/ kg, and 1.5% citric acid in the corn-soy diets for growing pigs.

Supplemental wheat bran and microbial phytase could replace inorganic phosphorus in laying hen diets

“…Wheat bran phytase increased growth rate and bone strength in pigs (Han et al, 1997) and turkeys (Roberson et al, 2005), and research of wheat middlings (Han et al, 1998) and rye bran (Pointillart, 1991) in pigs obtained similar results. In this experiment, treatment three improved EY, FCR and serum Pi concentration compared with the control, which was attributed to the WB phytase.…”

“…Previous experiments with phytase from cereals and their by-products were conducted in pigs (Pointillart et al, 1984(Pointillart et al, , 1987Pointillart, 1991;Han et al, 1997Han et al, , 1998, and in the last years more research was conducted in poultry (Paik, 2003;Cavalcanti and Behnke, 2004;Roberson et al, 2005). Wheat bran phytase increased growth rate and bone strength in pigs (Han et al, 1997) and turkeys (Roberson et al, 2005), and research of wheat middlings (Han et al, 1998) and rye bran (Pointillart, 1991) in pigs obtained similar results.…”

“…Further studies revealed that by-products of cereals such as wheat bran (Eeckhout and Depaepe, 1994) and rye bran (Viveros et al, 2000) are rich in phytase, and researches of wheat bran (WB) (Han et al, 1997), wheat middlings (Han et al, 1998) and rye bran (Pointillart, 1991) demonstrated the positive effects of phytase from cereal by-products on phosphorus retention, bone density and growth performance in pigs.…”

Valor nutricional da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com diferentes graus de moagem para leitões na fase de creche

“…Estas respostas talvez estejam relacionadas com uma provável ação favorável do processo de ensilagem sobre as moléculas de fitato, aumentando a disponibilidade do fósforo e do cálcio. Além disso, alguns autores constataram que ácidos orgânicos podem melhorar a utilização do cálcio e fósforo em dietas para leitões desmamados e suínos em terminação (Han et al, 1998;Boling et al, 2000), devido à diminuição do pH estomacal.…”

Effect of microbial phytase and diet fermentation on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy in growing pigs

“…Therefore, lowering the pH of gastrointestinal digesta might increase the efficacy of supplemental phytase. Indeed, there are several experiments demonstrating a synergistic effect of diet acidification and phytase supplementation on P availability in pigs (Jongbloed et al, 1996;Kemme et al, 1997;Li et al, 1998) even though it is unclear whether this effect is due to the lower pH or the presence of the acid, mostly citric acid, itself (Han et al, 1998;Boling et al, 2000). Moreover, organic acids are metabolized in the body and intestinal digesta have a relatively strong buffering capacity, which suggests that a significant effect of diet acidification on the gastrointestinal tract pH can hardly be expected.…”