Addition effects of erbia-stabilized bismuth oxide on ceria-based carbonate composite electrolytes for intermediate temperature-−solid oxide fuel cells

Role of carbonate phase in ceria-carbonate composite for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells: A review

“…In the ceria-carbonate composite, the multi-ionic conduction behavior [25][26][27]36,46,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], i.e. both the intrinsic conduction of oxygen ion (O 2À ), carbonate ion (CO 3 2À ) and metal ionic (Li + , Na + and K + ), but also the extrinsic ionic of H + , OH À and HCO 3 À , are presented, in which the latter are highly depended on the applied gas atmosphere [50,85]. In addition, it should be noted that the contributions of ionic conductivities of the ceria-carbonate composite are multi-parameters effect, such as the material composition (both ceria and carbonate, and their volume ratio), the micro-structures, ceria oxide grain size and distribution and morphology, operational temperature and most importantly the applied gas atmospheres.…”

Effect of addition of erbium stabilized bismuth oxide on the conductivity of lanthanum doped ceria solid electrolyte for IT-SOFCs

“…This confirms that ESB acts as a sintering aid. Enhancement in the density may be due to liquid phase sintering [9]. The driving force for densification is the capillary pressure of the liquid phase located between the fine CLO particles.…”

“…They found that MgO reacts with silica present at the boundaries to form Mg 2 SiO 4 phase which segregates at the triple point junctions leaving the clean grain to grain contacts. Baek et al [9] studied the effect of ESB addition on the conductivity of the grain boundaries of SDC, GDC and NDC. They found that ESB acts as a grain boundaries scavenger leading to decrease in the resistance of the boundaries.…”

Synthesizing of (Bi2O3)1-x-y(Ho2O3)x(Dy2O3)yElectrolytes for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

“…Additionally, these bismuth-based electrolytes show that they have high conductivity rapid start-up, but not have better stability, improved durability and higher robustness compared to zirconium-based electrolytes [19][20][21]. These studies, especially, have been concentrated on bismuthbased binary [22][23][24] and ternary type ceramic electrolytes [17,[25][26][27][28] to improve their conductivity, stability and durability. Researchers studying the binary system electrolytes have observed that nearly all of them have the stable cubic δ-Bi 2 O 3 phase and their conductivities vary from ≈10 −7 to ≈10 −2 S cm −1 [20,29].…”