Addition of aerobic exercise to dietary weight loss preferentially reduces abdominal adipocyte size

You, Tongjian; Murphy, Kelly; Lyles, Mary F.; Demons, Jamehl L.; Lenchik, Leon; Nicklas, Barbara J.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803245

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Exercise interventions have also been shown to reduce in vitro inflammatory cytokine production 7,120 and other markers of systemic inflammation, 43,66,114,[121][122][123][124][125][126] along with documented tissue-specific effects. 11,12,127,128 As an example of the latter, exercise training lowered skeletal muscle TNF-α, 11,12 IL-6, 11 and IL-1β 11 expression in older adults. It is of interest to note that periods of intensive training or overreaching did not elevate 123 and even decreased 14,129 biomarkers of inflammation.…”

Section: Increased Physical Activity or Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, exercise combined with dietary restriction more effectively reduced visceral fat, 128 abdominal adipocyte size, 127 and markers of inflammation 66 than dietary restriction alone. Nevertheless, it appears that both surgical/dietary restriction-induced fat loss and exercise training, without fat losses, have positive influences on markers of inflammation.…”

Section: Increased Physical Activity or Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…127 It is generally accepted that reductions in abdominal fat significantly reduce disease risk. 62,151,153,154 …”

Section: Tissue-specific Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…152 Exercise and diet combined was also reported to significantly reduce abdominal adipocyte size, but this did not occur with diet alone. 127 It is generally accepted that reductions in abdominal fat significantly reduce disease risk. 62,151,153,154 …”

Section: Tissue-specific Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training

Flynn

McFarlin

Markofski³

2007

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The list of diseases with a known inflammatory etiology is growing. Cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, geriatric cachexia, and Alzheimer's disease have all been shown to be linked to or exacerbated by aberrantly regulated inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence that those who are physically active, or who become physically active, have a reduction in biomarkers associated with chronic inflammation. There was strong early consensus that exercise-induced reductions in inflammation were explained by body mass index or body fatness, but recent studies provide support for the contention that exercise has body fatindependent anti-inflammatory effects. With few exceptions, the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise appear to occur regardless of age or the presence of chronic diseases. What remains unclear are the mechanisms by which exercise training induces these anti-inflammatory effects, but there are several intriguing possibilities, including release of endogenous products, such as heat shock proteins; selective reduction of visceral adipose tissue mass or reducing infiltration of adipocytes by macrophages; shift in immune cell phenotype; cross-tolerizing effects; or exerciseinduced shifts in accessory proteins of toll-like receptor signaling. However, future research endeavors are likely to uncover additional potential mechanisms, and it could be some time before functional mechanisms are made clear. In summary, the potential anti-inflammatory influences of exercise training may provide a low-cost, readily available, and effective treatment for low-grade systemic inflammation and could contribute significantly to the positive effects of exercise training on chronic disease. Keywordsanti-inflammatory; exercise training; chronic disease Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and several other chronic diseases are now known to be strongly linked to inflammatory processes. [1][2][3][4] Chronic diseases linked to inflammation are known to occur in greater frequency in older and sedentary individuals, 5 but evidence is emerging that exercise has anti-inflammatory effects. [6][7][8][9] For example, there is a substantial reduction in biomarkers of low-grade systemic inflammation in physically active adults or adults who undertake exercise training. [10][11][12][13][14] Address for correspondence: Michael G. Flynn, FACSM, Wastl Human Performance Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907; mickflyn@purdue.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Lifestyle Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 November 25. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptChronic low-grade inflammation, "persistent but more subtle than the acute phase response," 15 is frequently assessed by measurement of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and, somewhat less frequently, serum amyloid A. C-reactive protein concentration is higher in those with high body mass index, 16,17 metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes, 1,18 belownormal high-density lipoprotein choleste...

show abstract

Section: Increased Physical Activity or Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increased Physical Activity or Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…127 It is generally accepted that reductions in abdominal fat significantly reduce disease risk. 62,151,153,154 …”

Section: Tissue-specific Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue-specific Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training

Flynn

McFarlin

Markofski³

2007

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Overproduction of ECM components in obesity may lead to fibrosis [68,69], which has been proposed to interfere with hypertrophy of omental adipocytes and with fat mass loss from subcutaneous adipocytes after surgery [70]. On the other hand, when people lose weight, the adipocytes lose fat and become smaller [71,72]. As they shrink in volume, the ECM should be adjusted accordingly.…”

Section: Module 4: Cellular Resistance Against Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Biology of Weight Maintenance after Weight Loss

Mariman

2012

Lifestyle Genomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One year after losing weight, most people have regained a significant part of the lost weight. As such, weight regain after weight loss has a negative impact on human health. The risk for weight regain is determined by psychosocial and behavioral factors as well as by various physiological and molecular parameters. Here, the latter intrinsic factors are reviewed and assembled into four functional modules, two related to the energy balance and two related to resistance against weight loss. Reported genetic factors do not reveal additional functional processes. The modules form nodes in a network describing the complex interactions of intrinsically determined weight maintenance. This network indicates that after an initial weight loss persons with a high baseline fat mass will most easily succeed in maintaining weight, because they can lose fat without raising stress in adipocytes and at the same time spare fat-free mass. However, continued weight loss and weight maintenance requires extra measures like increased physical activity, limited energy intake and a fat-free sparing composition of the diet. Eventually, this network may help to design novel therapeutic measures based on preventing the return effect of specific plasma factors or by preventing the accumulation of adipocyte cellular stress.

show abstract

Regional adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production before and after weight loss in abdominally obese women

You

Wang

Murphy

et al. 2014

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo compare the regional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production in abdominally obese women during weight loss.Design and MethodsForty-two abdominally obese, older women underwent a 20-week weight loss intervention composed of hypocaloric diet with or without aerobic exercise (total energy expenditure: ~2800 kcal/week). Subcutaneous (gluteal and abdominal) adipose tissue biopsies were conducted before and after the intervention.ResultsAdipose tissue gene expression and release of leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined. The intervention resulted in significant weight loss (−10.1 ±0.7 kg, P<0.001). At baseline, gene expression of adiponectin were higher (P<0.01), and gene expression and release of IL-6 were lower (both P<0.05) in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue. After intervention, leptin gene expression and release were lower in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue compared to baseline (P<0.05 to P<0.01). Abdominal, but not gluteal, adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression and release increased after intervention (both P<0.05).ConclusionA 20-week weight loss program decreased leptin production in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue, but only increased adiponectin production from abdominal adipose tissue in obese women. This depot-specific effect may be of importance for the treatment of health complications associated with abdominal adiposity.

show abstract

Addition of aerobic exercise to dietary weight loss preferentially reduces abdominal adipocyte size

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training

State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training

Human Biology of Weight Maintenance after Weight Loss

Regional adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production before and after weight loss in abdominally obese women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About