Regional adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production before and after weight loss in abdominally obese women

Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare the regional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production in abdominally obese women during weight loss.Design and MethodsForty-two abdominally obese, older women underwent a 20-week weight loss intervention composed of hypocaloric diet with or without aerobic exercise (total energy expenditure: ~2800 kcal/week). Subcutaneous (gluteal and abdominal) adipose tissue biopsies were conducted before and after the intervention.ResultsAdipose tissue gene expression and release of leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined. The intervention resulted in significant weight loss (−10.1 ±0.7 kg, P<0.001). At baseline, gene expression of adiponectin were higher (P<0.01), and gene expression and release of IL-6 were lower (both P<0.05) in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue. After intervention, leptin gene expression and release were lower in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue compared to baseline (P<0.05 to P<0.01). Abdominal, but not gluteal, adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression and release increased after intervention (both P<0.05).ConclusionA 20-week weight loss program decreased leptin production in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue, but only increased adiponectin production from abdominal adipose tissue in obese women. This depot-specific effect may be of importance for the treatment of health complications associated with abdominal adiposity.

Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

“…Additionally, ghrelin, adiponectin, asprosin, and other hormones could be factors [ 35 – 37 ]. The amount of adipose tissue in the body significantly affects hormone levels [ 38 ], and hormones released by adipose tissue could contribute to insulin resistance [ 39 ]. Additionally, adipose cell size is predictive of metabolic dysregulation [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Dietary intervention with an Okinawan-based Nordic diet in type 2 diabetes renders decreased interleukin-18 concentrations and increased neurofilament light concentrations in plasma

“…There is a possibility that para-and autocrine effects are of more importance than systemic effect in the context of inflammatory status in metabolic disease. An alternative method used in several studies is to examine adipose tissue concentrations [36,37].…”

Phenolic acids alleviate high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats

“…Ellagic acid could significantly lower TNF-a level ( Table 6, p < .05), and exhibited markedly better effect than the others in lowering CRP level (Table 6, p < .05). As abdominal fat tissue is one of the major organs for cytokines release (You et al, 2014), the significantly controlled perirenal fat tissue in ellagic acid treated rats might contribute to the regulation of cytokines (Table 2). For serum IL-1b level, chlorogenic acid was the only one that significantly decreased IL-1b level ( (Yamauchi et al, 2002), which are probably achieved by changing of fatty acid types that stored in abdominal adipose tissues (Panchal, Poudyal, Waanders, & Brown, 2012).…”