Addition of brain and carotid imaging to the ABCD2 score to identify patients at early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a multicentre observational study

Population-based study of capsular warning syndrome and prognosis after early recurrent TIA

“…10 However, there are limited published data on whether all those with multiple TIAs are at high risk of recurrent stroke or whether this group differs in terms of treatable underlying pathologies. We have shown the early stroke risk after a recurrent TIA is similar to that after a single TIA in our population, other than in the case of the capsular warning syndrome, and that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and large-artery stenosis is no greater.…”

“…9 The occurrence of recurrent or dual TIAs has been proposed as an addition to the ABCD2 score to improve early stroke risk prediction after TIA. 10 Many guidelines also recommend urgent evaluation for patients with Ն2 TIAs within 7 days, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] perhaps in recognition of the capsular warning syndrome. In the classic description of the capsular warning syndrome, multiple, stereotyped motor TIAs precede capsular infarction, 18,19 probably as a consequence of hemodynamic compromise or thrombosis within a small, single penetrating artery or proximal middle cerebral artery stenosis.…”

Prediction of stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack: ABCD score and its derived scores

“…Based on the above evidence, the researchers make supplement and revision to ABCD2 score, and founded ABCD2I grading system in 2010 which on the basis of ABCD2 score is added the presence of acute or chronic ischemic lesions on DWI ischemic lesions or on CT scan grading project (3 points), total score of 10 points. 5,[17][18][19] Researchers have confirmed that DWI, ABCD2 score has predictive value to TIA within 7 d after stroke risk, DWI positive, ABCD2 score results and can artery atherosclerosis be within 90 d after TIA independent risk factor for stroke, abnormal DWI results and patients with TIA etiology, warning its future increased risk for cerebral infarction. Scholars can estimate of risk for stroke after TIA based on ABCD2 score and whether there are infarcts in and CT and DWI, the result shows: the TIA within 7 d and 30 d after cerebral infarction predicted rate increased by 18%.…”

“…18,19 Given the pathogenicity of the focal ischemic, scholars put forward a kind of based on clinical and radiographic prediction rating scale (clinical and imaging-based predictive algorithm, CIP), the ABCD2 rating scale and DWI high signal combination can improve prediction neural function in the aftermath of the TIA missing and the risk of cerebral infarction progress. The rating scale TIA patients can be divided into: the low-risk group (ABCD2 score <4+DWI negative, can ABCD2 score 4+ DWI negative can or higher) and high risk group (ABCD2 score <4+DWI, ABCD2 score of 4 or more points can +DWI positive can), clinical trials confirmed that, CIP risk score predicts 7 d after TIA cerebral infarction of accuracy is higher than ABCD2 score, the difference is statistically significant.…”

“…When some scholars of cerebral angiography making cerebral infarction (Digital Subtraction Angiography, DSA) inspection on patients, they found that 60.5% of patients having intracranial vascular acuity 50% narrow lesions and the incidence of intracranial stenosis is higher than of extracranial vessels. 18,19,26 At present, the studies of cervical artery stenosis is not yet clear, studies have shown that internal carotid artery stenosis is the independent risk factors of stroke after TIA within 7 d. ipsilateral carotid stenosis 50% + lesions or ipsilateral intracranial artery stenosis 50% or greater as rated items on the basis of ABCD3 evaluation method, assignment 2 points. [25][26][27] A multicenter study brings into a large number of samples of TIA patients and evaluate TIA patients according to ABCD2, ABCD3 and ABCD3-V three evaluation method, according to the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) concluded that ABCD3-V scoring method of area under the ROC curve is greater than the ABCD2 area under the ROC curve and ABCD3 evaluation method, which suggests that the ABCD3-V scoring method for value of prediction of cerebral infarction within seven days after TIA is better than that of the ABCD2 and ABCD3 grading method and compared with ABCD2 score method, predicted value of cerebral infarction occurrence after TIA within 7 days according to ABCD3 score is higher, at the same time, the higher the ABCD3-v score is, the greater the risk of secondary cerebral infarction after TIA is.…”