Addition of midazolam to continuous postoperative epidural bupivacaine infusion reduces requirement for rescue analgesia in children undergoing upper abdominal and flank surgery

Intravenous dexmedetomidine, but not midazolam, prolongs bupivacaine spinal anesthesia

“…However, the effects of midazolam on nociception may depend on the route of administration, with analgesia observed after spinal or epidural application, but not after systemic administration of this agent. [18][19][20] Also, in our study, intravenous administration of midazolam did not enhance the analgesic effect of intrathecal injection. Finally, the use of dexmedetomidine premedication before spinal anesthesia seems to offer clinical advantages compared with midazolam premedication, since dexmedetomidine provides additional analgesia.…”

The Effect of Intravenous Midazolam on Duration of Spinal Anesthesia

“…Time to first rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group BM compared with Group B, and greater sedation scores were noted in Group BM. Frequency of rescue analgesia administration was significantly less in Group BM and median pain scores were significantly lower in Group BM than Group B, at all-time intervals (22).…”

Comparative study of caudal clonidine and midazolam added to bupivacaine during infra-umbilical surgeries in children

“…[1113] Although most studies suggest that this dose is associated with a prolonged postoperative analgesia with minimum sedation and vomiting but some studies mention otherwise. [1231] Hence, we decided to administer caudal midazolam in a dose of 30 μg/kg. The reason that we had chosen a standard dose of 1 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine as the final volume in all the groups was based on the speculation that smaller volumes of bupivacaine may not be enough to deliver the adjuvants up to the spinal cord.…”