Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fat meal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxide hydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight and obese subjects

Abstract

CVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to a high-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whipping cream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 and C-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratory services and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfaffl method. Response variables were converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantly lower following the meal containing MFGM (P < 0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in the absence of MFGM (P = 0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had a greater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The protein and lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fat meal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.

Milk fat globule membrane: An overview with particular emphasis on its nutritional and health benefits

“…The addition of MFGM to a meal high in saturated fat was also found to modify the postprandial insulin response and offered protection for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL (Beals et al . 2019). Baars et al .…”

Supplementation of polar lipids‐enriched milk fat globule membrane in high‐fat diet‐fed rats during pregnancy and lactation promotes brown/beige adipocyte development and prevents obesity in male offspring

“…A test in overweight and obese subjects showed that there existed a positive association between plasma phospholipids (indicative of full‐fat dairy consumption) and insulin sensitivity . Addition of MFGM to a high‐fat meal mitigated insulin secretion in the postprandial state in obese subjects, which indicates the potential role of MFGM in improving insulin response …”

“…37 Addition of MFGM to a high-fat meal mitigated insulin secretion in the postprandial state in obese subjects, which indicates the potential role of MFGM in improving insulin response. 38 BAT generates heat through UCP1, while excess WAT accumulation causes adipocyte hypertrophy. 39 Thus, pharmacological or dietary interventions facilitating the recruitment of brown fat cells or browning of WAT might be a new strategy for obesity therapy.…”

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Associated with Postprandial Anxiety Decrease in Healthy Adult Women

“…Several studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between food intake and sEH, including a study using an sEH in vivo activity marker (diol/epoxide ratios) that showed sEH was significantly reduced after rats ate diets with various potassium levels [ 16 ]. Another study found EPHX2 mRNA expression to be increased in overweight/obese individuals after eating a meal high in fat [ 17 ]. Several other studies using animal models have observed that a high-fat diet is associated with sEH upregulation, while a low-fat diet may lower sEH levels [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”