Additional evidence for a quantitative hierarchical model of mood and anxiety disorders for DSM-V: The context of personality structure.

Abstract

Recent progress toward the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders includes a proposed quantitative hierarchical structure of internalizing pathology with substantial, supportive evidence (D. Watson, 2005). Questions about such a taxonomic shift remain, however, particularly regarding how best to account for and use existing diagnostic categories and models of personality structure. In this study, the authors use a large sample of psychiatric patients with internalizing diagnoses (N = 1,319) as well as a community sample (N = 856) to answer some of these questions. Specifically, the authors investigate how the diagnoses of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder compare with the other internalizing categories at successive levels of the personality hierarchy. Results suggest unique profiles for bipolar disorder and OCD and highlight the important contribution of a 5-factor model of personality in conceptualizing internalizing pathology. Implications for personality-psychopathology models and research on personality structure are discussed.

General and Maladaptive Personality Dimensions in Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

“…This finding is in line with the idea that personality may represent a risk or a resiliency factor for the development of mental disorders such as OCD, and further supports the proposal to incorporate a dimensional perspective when recasting emerging psychopathology in future editions of DSM [34]. However, the present study showed that a non-specific personality configuration of elevated Neuroticism and lower Extraversion scores is insufficient to signal risk for developing OCD and underlined that maladaptive personality provides a surplus contribution to enable this differentiation.…”

“…Substantial evidence supports the existence of robust relationships between personality and psychopathology in children, and further underscores the value of early identification of specific trait configurations that may put children at risk for later psychopathology introducing perspectives for prevention and intervention [33,34]. To our knowledge, early OC symptoms have not yet been studied in relation to the FFM.…”

Increased functional connectivity within mesocortical networks in open people

“…In conclusion, it remains to be determined how current results relate to psychiatric (e.g., bipolar disorder and mania) and neurodegenerative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) that have been recently associated with openness (Barnett et al, 2011;Tackett et al, 2008;Terracciano et al, 2014;Walsh et al, 2012). In the past, openness has been considered as the personality trait least linked to psychiatric disorders compared with the other five-factor model traits (Samuel and Widiger, 2008).…”

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

“…The third temperamental trait, effortful control, has been hypothesized to break down into conscientious inhibition (i.e., conscientiousness) and interpersonal inhibition (i.e., agreeableness) across development. Recent structural investigations have shown three and FFMs to be hierarchically related in both child (Tackett, Krueger, Iacono, & McGue, 2008) and adult (Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005;Tackett, Quilty, Sellbom, Rector, & Bagby, 2008) populations. Specifically, three factor structures emerge at a higher level of the hierarchy, but when additional factors are extracted, effortful control/constraint breaks down into agreeableness and conscientiousness while openness splits off from extraversion .…”