Additional sampling based on regulation threshold and kriging variance to reduce the probability of false delineation in a contaminated site

Juang, Kai‐Wei; Liao, Wanjiun; Liu, Ten-Lin; Tsui, Lo; Lee, Dar‐Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.025

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These IR and PXRF measurements can be a part of an adaptive sampling design whereby sampling efforts are directed to areas where the degree of contamination appears to be higher (Juang et al, 2005(Juang et al, , 2008. This adaptive sampling strategy is somewhat similar to what was proposed by Englund and Heravi (1994).…”

Section: Sampling For Contamination Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tThere are tens of millions of contaminated soil sites in the world, and with an increasing population and associated risk there is a growing pressure to remediate them. A barrier to remediation is the lack of cost-effective approaches to assessment. Soil contaminants include a wide range of natural and synthetic metallic and organic compounds and minerals thus making analytical costs potentially very large. Further, soil contaminants show a large degree of spatial variation which increases the burden on sampling costs. This paper reviews potentially cost-effective methods for measurement, sampling design, and assessment. Current tiered investigation approaches and sampling strategies can be improved by using new technologies such as proximal sensing. Design of sampling can be aided by on-the-go proximal soil sensing; and expedited by subsequent adaptive spatially optimal sampling and prediction procedures enabled by field spectroscopic methods and advanced geostatistics. Field deployment of portable Visible & Near Infrared [wavelength 400-2500 nm] (Vis-NIR) and X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopies will require special calibration approaches but show huge potential for synergistic use. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy [wavelength 2500-25,000 nm, wavenumber 4000-400 cm −1 ] (MIR) for field implementation requires further adaptive research. We propose an integrated field-deployable methodology as a basis for further developments. Crown

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Section: Sampling For Contamination Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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“…This uncertainty can be expressed in terms of the kriging variance σ 2 (x). Juang et al [8] and van Meirvenne and Goovaerts [2] considered how the proximity of predictions to the threshold could be incorporated into a design algorithm. They suggested that the most beneficial locations to make additional observations are where | z(x) − z c |/σ is small.…”

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Optimized multi-phase sampling for soil remediation surveys

et al. 2013

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We develop an algorithm to optimize the design of multi-phase soil remediation surveys.The locations of observations in later phases are selected to minimize the expected loss incurred from misclassification of the local contamination status of the soil. In contrast to existing multi-phase design methods, the location of multiple observations can be optimized simultaneously and the reduction in the expected loss can be forecast. Hence rational decisions can be made regarding the resources which should be allocated to further sampling. The geostatistical analysis uses a copula-based spatial model which can represent general types of variation including distributions which include extreme values.The algorithm is used to design a hypothetical second phase of a survey of soil lead in Glebe, Sydney. Observations in this phase are generally dispersed on the boundaries between areas which according to the first phase either require, or do not require, remediation. The algorithm is initially used to make remediation decisions at the point scale but we demonstrate how it can be used to inform over blocks.

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“…There is limited information concerning phytoextraction efficiency under conditions of toxic stress on plant growth. Generally, there is high spatial variation of heavy metals in a contaminated site (Juang et al 2008); in highly contaminated areas, the plant may accumulate more of a heavy metal, resulting in a significant reduction of biomass due to toxicity (Deram et al 2006). Thus, phytoextraction of heavy metals should involve a compromise between the accumulation of a heavy metal and biomass reduction due to phytotoxicity.…”

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Using chemical fractionation to evaluate the phytoextraction of cadmium by switchgrass from Cd-contaminated soils

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soils by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), which is a promising energy crop with high biomass. Two ecotypes of switchgrass cultivars, Alamo and Blackwell, were investigated in a pot experiment. Dry weight and plant Cd concentration of the switchgrass plants growing on Cd-spiked soils (0, 20, and 60 mg Cd kg(-1) soil) with chelating agent amendments (1 g kg(-1) citric acid [CA] and 0.1 g kg(-1) ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) were measured to examine the phytotoxicity and accumulation of Cd in the switchgrass. Fractions of Cd (F1, exchangeable; F2, carbonate; F3, Fe-Mn oxide; F4, organic matter; F5, residual) for the soils sampled at the time of harvesting were also determined using chemically sequential extractions. In the results, the dry weight of the switchgrass decreased with increasing Cd, with a significant dry weight reduction when Cd exceeded 20 mg kg(-1). However, the high Cd spike of 60 mg kg(-1) was not lethal to Alamo and Blackwell, which suggests that switchgrass plants can tolerate Cd and grow in contaminated soils. Compared with the control, the CA and EDTA amendments had no adverse effect on the growth of switchgrass plants. With regard to Cd accumulation, higher plant Cd concentrations were frequently found after CA amendment in Alamo; however, the Cd concentrations of Blackwell plants may increase when amended with EDTA. On the basis of the fractionation of soil Cd, dry weight and plant Cd concentration could be expressed as a function of Cd fractionation to predict the phytoextraction of Cd. Thus, the fractionation of Cd is a useful approach for evaluating the phytoextraction of Cd by switchgrass in contaminated soils. According to the comparison of phytoextractions of Cd between Alamo and Blackwell, Alamo plants removed substantially more Cd from Cd-spiked soils than Blackwell. Therefore, Alamo is better suited for the phytoextraction of Cd from contaminated soils.

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Additional sampling based on regulation threshold and kriging variance to reduce the probability of false delineation in a contaminated site

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Optimized multi-phase sampling for soil remediation surveys

Using chemical fractionation to evaluate the phytoextraction of cadmium by switchgrass from Cd-contaminated soils

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