Additive Manufacturing of Customized Metallic Orthopedic Implants: Materials, Structures, and Surface Modifications

Bai, Long; Cheng, Ge; Chen, Xiaohong; Sun, Yuanxi; Zhang, Junfang; Cai, Lecai; Zhu, Shengyan; Xie, Shane

doi:10.3390/met9091004

Cited by 132 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…The three most developed techniques for additively manufacturing titanium alloy structures are direct energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) [65,101]. For example, porous parts implants can be manufactured using SLM technology and they can achieve a mimicking of the human bone at a 60% of porosity [102].…”

Section: Cocr Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have undergone significant progress in recent years, having been implemented in sectors as diverse as automotive, aerospace, electrical component manufacturing, etc. In the medical sector, different devices are printed, such as implants, surgical guides, scaffolds, tissue engineering, etc. Although nowadays some implants are made of plastics or ceramics, metals have been traditionally employed in their manufacture. However, metallic implants obtained by traditional methods such as machining have the drawbacks that they are manufactured in standard sizes, and that it is difficult to obtain porous structures that favor fixation of the prostheses by means of osseointegration. The present paper presents an overview of the use of AM technologies to manufacture metallic implants. First, the different technologies used for metals are presented, focusing on the main advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Considered technologies are binder jetting (BJ), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct energy deposition (DED), and material extrusion by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with metal filled polymers. Then, different metals used in the medical sector are listed, and their properties are summarized, with the focus on Ti and CoCr alloys. They are divided into two groups, namely ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Finally, the state-of-art about the manufacture of metallic implants with AM technologies is summarized. The present paper will help to explain the latest progress in the application of AM processes to the manufacture of implants.

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Section: Cocr Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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“…They include selective laser sintering (SLS), inject three-dimensional printing (3DP), electron beam melting (EBM), selective laser melting (SLM), and laser engineered net shaping (LENS). Among these methods, only SLS, SLM, and EBM use powder-bed fusion (PBF) technology, which allows for manufacturing of a metal structure from the powder material [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to biofilm formation on 3D-printed titanium fixation plates used in the mandible: a preliminary study

Pałka¹,

Mazurek-Popczyk

Arkusz

et al. 2020

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background: In the oral and maxillofacial surgery, fixation plates are commonly used for the stabilization of bone fragments. Additive manufacturing has enabled us to design and create personalized fixation devices that would ideally fit any given fracture. Aim: The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the susceptibility of 3D-printed titanium fixation plates to biofilm formation. Methods: Plates were manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti-6Al-4 V. Reference strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus , and Candida albicans , were tested to evaluate the material’s susceptibility to biofilm formation over 48 hours. Biofilm formations were quantified by a colorimetric method and colony-forming units (CFU) quantification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualized the structure of the biofilm. Results: Surface analysis revealed the average roughness of 102.75 nm and irregular topography of the tested plates. They were susceptible to biofilm formation by all tested strains. The average CFUs were as follows: S. mutans (11.91 x 10 7 ) > S.epidermidis (4.45 x 10 7 ) > S. aureus (2.3 x 10 7 ) > C.albicans (1.22 x 10 7 ) > L. rhamnosus (0.78 x 10 7 ). Conclusions: The present preliminary study showed that rough surfaces of additively manufactured titanium plates are susceptible to microbial adhesion. The research should be continued in order to compare additively manufactured plates with other commercially available osteotomy plates. Therefore, we suggest caution when using this type of material.

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“…Materials for the orthopedic implants play an important role in the fixation process. The selection of a suitable implant material can influence the implant rigidity, corrosion, tissue receptivity and also biocompatibility [255]. An ideal implant material for the orthopedic purposes may be outlined with the following characteristics:chemically inert,completely biocompatible,higher strength,high resistance against fatigue,complete corrosion-proof,inexpensive.…”

Section: Caos Systems From the Biomechanical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ceramic used for the orthopedics implants include aluminum oxide and calcium phosphates. A typical property of these materials is a resistance against compression on the other hand they are weak under tension and shear, and brittle [255,258].…”

Section: Caos Systems From the Biomechanical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends, Technical Concepts and Components of Computer-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Kubíček

Tomanec

Černý

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) systems have become one of the most important and challenging types of system in clinical orthopedics, as they enable precise treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, employing modern clinical navigation systems and surgical tools. This paper brings a comprehensive review of recent trends and possibilities of CAOS systems. There are three types of the surgical planning systems, including: systems based on the volumetric images (computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound images), further systems utilize either 2D or 3D fluoroscopic images, and the last one utilizes the kinetic information about the joints and morphological information about the target bones. This complex review is focused on three fundamental aspects of CAOS systems: their essential components, types of CAOS systems, and mechanical tools used in CAOS systems. In this review, we also outline the possibilities for using ultrasound computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (UCAOS) systems as an alternative to conventionally used CAOS systems.

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Additive Manufacturing of Customized Metallic Orthopedic Implants: Materials, Structures, and Surface Modifications

Cited by 132 publications

References 149 publications

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Susceptibility to biofilm formation on 3D-printed titanium fixation plates used in the mandible: a preliminary study

Recent Trends, Technical Concepts and Components of Computer-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery Systems: A Comprehensive Review

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