Additive manufacturing of metal products (Review)

Abstract

Different characteristics of methods of additive manufacturing of metal products were considered. The prospects of technologies using metal wire as a consumable material were noted. The current state of research works in the field of additive manufacturing of layer-by-layer electric arc volumetric surfacing was shown. 20 Ref., 3 Tables, 10 Figures. K e y w o r d s : additive manufacturing, prototyping, shape formation and structure control, laser surfacing using consumable wire, freeform fabrication using electron beam, electric arc volumetric layer-by-layer surfacing

Microstructure, texture, and anisotropic mechanical behavior of selective laser melted maraging stainless steels

“…Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are used to manufacture complex and/or customized different metallic parts, i.e., steels [1], Ti- [2][3][4], Ni- [5], Al- [6][7][8], and Mg- [9,10] based alloys. Powder bed fusion (PBF) techniques, such as selective laser melting (SLM), have been among the most popular AM processes where a powder bed is selectively fused using thermal energy to build parts having complex geometry and fine microstructural features [11]. It has been shown that the manufactured parts can reveal better mechanical properties than those of conventional counterparts [12].…”

“…Martensitic precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels, also known as maraging stainless steels, have been recently additively manufactured (AM) using the SLM process and showed superior strength, high corrosion resistance, and good ductility compared to those processed by conventional processes [13][14][15]. This excellent combination of properties makes maraging stainless steels potential candidates for harsh service conditions, where there is a need for excellent corrosion resistance and superior mechanical strength such as marine, power-plant, aerospace, nuclear, and moulding industries [11]. Maraging stainless steels usually consist of a low carbon martensitic matrix along with some strengthening nanoscale intermetallics [16].…”

“…In the SLM process, some areas might be melted and solidified several times, accumulating stresses due to inconsistent heating levels. These residual stresses are inherent in the melting and solidification process, which is challenging in the SLM products [11,24]. The thermal history of a part manufactured by SLM depends on its chemistry, geometry, and process parameters.…”