Concurrent improvement of strength and ductility in heat-treated C300 maraging steels produced by laser powder bed fusion technique

Dehgahi, Shirin; Sanjari, Mehdi; Ghoncheh, M.H.; Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi; Mohammadi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.101847

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Figure 6(b) shows that the martensites are distributed in cellular morphology which commonly found during LPBF-printed steel(Conde et al, 2019;Dehgahi et al, 2021;Özer and Karaaslan, 2020;Prashanth and Eckert, 2017;Tan et al, 2018). In agreement with the conclusions of Lanzutti et al (2020) and…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Cataphracted melt pools can be clearly observed from Figure 6(a). Figure 6(b) shows that the martensites are distributed in cellular morphology which commonly found during LPBF-printed steel (Conde et al , 2019; Dehgahi et al , 2021; Özer and Karaaslan, 2020; Prashanth and Eckert, 2017; Tan et al , 2018). In agreement with the conclusions of Lanzutti et al (2020) and Prashanth and Eckert (2017), the cellular morphology arises during the solidification of austenite and there could be a delta phase in the cellular boundaries due to rapid cooling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Laser powder bed fusion of granulation-sintering-deoxygenation WC/18Ni300 composites: anisotropic microstructure characterization and wear properties

Yao

Teng

et al. 2023

RPJ

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Purpose Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can be used to fabricate complex extrusion die without the limitation of structures. Layer-by-layer processing leads to differences in microstructures and wear properties. This study aims to investigate the microstructure evolution and effects of tungsten carbide (WC) on the wear properties of LPBF-printed 18Ni300. Design/methodology/approach Economical spherical granulation-sintering-deoxygenation (GSD) WC-reinforced 18Ni300 steel matrix composites were produced by LPBF from powder mixtures of WC and 18Ni300. The effects of WC contents on anisotropic microstructures and wear properties of the composites were investigated. Findings The relative density is more than 99% for all the composites except 25% WC/18Ni300 composite. The grain sizes distributed on the top cross-section are smaller than those on the side cross-section. After adding WC particles, more high-angle grain boundaries and larger Schmid factor generate, and deformed grains decrease. With increasing WC contents, the hardness first decreases and then increases but the wear volume loss decreases. The side cross-section of the composite has higher hardness and better wear resistance. The 18Ni300 exhibits adhesive wear accompanying with abrasive wear, while plowing and fatigue wear are the predominant wear mechanisms of the composites. Originality/value Economical spherical GSD WC particles can be used to improve the wear resistance. The novel WC/18Ni300 composites are suitable for the application under the abrasive wear condition with low stress.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Laser powder bed fusion of granulation-sintering-deoxygenation WC/18Ni300 composites: anisotropic microstructure characterization and wear properties

Yao

Teng

et al. 2023

RPJ

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“…Figure 1). Maraging 300 (X2NiCoMo18-9-5) is the alloy widely used for this application [8,9] because of its high ductility before heat treatment, its high strength, good hardness [10] and dimensional stability during ageing [11] even though stainless grades are also available for this application [12], [13], [14]. LPBF remains most widely used technology for this application even though Direct Energy Depostion has also been used [15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of channel contour laser strategies on fatigue properties and residual stresses of laser powder bed printed maraging steel

Grosjean

Borneat

Hauteville

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Laser-Powder Bed Fusion is widely used for tooling applications, such as mold insert: conformal cooling channels are designed to decrease cycling time and homogenize the cooling rate. The Achilles' heel of AM mold is the cooling channels close to the surface which generate high stress concentration and are not machined; as a result, they create weaknesses in the part and are likely to reduce the lifespan of the mold. It is necessary to study the impact of such channels on properties (fatigue, residual stresses, microstructure) and determine optimized laser strategies to reduce porosity that may occur near a contour. Residual stresses were rst estimated above an internal channel after different heat treatments and fatigue specimens were printed with a 3 mm diameter channel on an EOS M270 printer using different strategies such as several contours with a concentric offset. The impact of these strategies on fatigue properties were analysed through microstructural observations. Here, it was found that a double contour with an offset improved the fatigue life of the part by more than 10 times compared to the standard single contour strategy.

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“…In the current study, the cellular parts were prepared using maraging steel by SLM process. Maraging steel has been applied extensively for powder bed fusion AM process and subsequent heat treatment which leads to a combination of high strength and ductility by TRIP effect [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Permeability of Maraging Steel Cellular Parts Made by Selective Laser Melting

Dhinakar

Chang³

et al. 2021

Materials

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Additive manufacturing, such as selective laser melting (SLM), can be used to manufacture cellular parts. In this study, cellular coupons of maraging steels are prepared through SLM by varying hatch distance. Air flow and permeability of porous maraging steel blocks are obtained for samples of different thickness based on the Darcy equation. By reducing hatch distance from 0.75 to 0.4 mm, the permeability decreases from 1.664 × 10−6 mm2 to 0.991 × 10−6 mm2 for 4 mm thick coupons. In addition, by increasing the thickness from 2 to 8 mm, the permeability increases from 0.741 × 10−6 mm2 to 1.345 × 10−6 mm2 at 16.2 J/mm3 energy density and 0.14 MPa inlet pressure. Simulation using ANSYS-Fluent is conducted to observe the pressure difference across the porous coupons and is compared with the experimental results. Surface artifacts and the actual morphology of scan lines can cause the simulated permeability to deviate from the experimental values. The measured permeability of maraging steel coupons is regression fit with both energy density and size of samples which provide a design guideline of porous mold inserts for industry applications such as injection molding.

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Concurrent improvement of strength and ductility in heat-treated C300 maraging steels produced by laser powder bed fusion technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Laser powder bed fusion of granulation-sintering-deoxygenation WC/18Ni300 composites: anisotropic microstructure characterization and wear properties

Laser powder bed fusion of granulation-sintering-deoxygenation WC/18Ni300 composites: anisotropic microstructure characterization and wear properties

Effects of channel contour laser strategies on fatigue properties and residual stresses of laser powder bed printed maraging steel

Air Permeability of Maraging Steel Cellular Parts Made by Selective Laser Melting

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