Additively manufactured functionally graded biodegradable porous zinc

Li, Y; Pavanram, P.; Zhou, Jie; Lietaert, Karel; Bobbert, F.S.L.; Kubo, Yusuke; Leeflang, M.A.; Jahr, Holger; Zadpoor, Amir A.

doi:10.1039/c9bm01904a

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, Zn-based BMs exhibit intermediate degradation rates as compared to other BMs. Hence, Zn, its alloys and composites are emerging as a new class of BMs and are considered promising alternatives to Mg-based and Fe-based BMs for biomedical applications, particularly orthopedic regeneration, and cardiovascular therapy [ 68 , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] ]. This is mainly because Zn-based BMs exhibit more suitable degradation rates than those of Mg-based and Fe-based BMs, and their degradation products are fully bioresorbable without evolving excessive H 2 gas [ [78] , [79] , [80] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Kabir

Munir

Wen

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

236

143

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Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Kabir

Munir

Wen

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

236

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Furthermore, its biodegradation profiles could be tuned using functionally graded designs (Li et al, 2019a). This was later confirmed for Zn (Li et al, 2020c), underscoring the importance of rational design strategies for AM PAM implants (Table 1).…”

Section: Design-and Post Manufacturing-dependent Corrosion Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The core of cylindrical AM porous Mg implants corroded much more prominently than their periphery (Li et al, 2018b); potentially due to limited diffusion upon accumulation of degradation products within the narrow spaces between struts, where Mg ions locally may cause crevice-like corrosion. In contrast, AM porous Zn corroded primarily localized in a contact zone with the reaction vial, likely due to hindered diffusion (Li et al, 2020c). Despite further identical designs and testing methods, in vitro degradation of AM porous Fe occurred more prominently on its periphery than in its core (Figures 1C; Li et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Design-and Post Manufacturing-dependent Corrosion Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to inert AM porous metals, yield strengths and elastic modulus of AM PAMs are directly related to their porosity through a power law (Li et al, 2019a(Li et al, , 2020c. Two types of unit cells are prevalent: (i) lattice structures and (ii) sheetbased structures (Figure 1C) such as minimal surface designs (Zadpoor, 2019a).…”

Section: Design-and Post Manufacturing-dependent Corrosion Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additively Manufactured Absorbable Porous Metal Implants – Processing, Alloying and Corrosion Behavior

Jahr

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Treating large bone defects is still a clinical challenge without perfect solution, mainly due to the unavailability of suitable bone implants. Additively manufactured (AM) absorbable porous metals provide unparalleled opportunities to realize the challenging requirements for bone-mimetic implants. Firstly, multi-scale geometries of such implants can be customized to mimic the micro-architecture and mechanical properties of human bone. The interconnected porous structure additionally increases the surface area to facilitate adhesion and proliferation of bone cells. Finally, their absorption properties are tunable to maintain the structural integrity of the implant throughout the bone healing process, ensuring sufficient loadbearing when needed and full disintegration after their job is done. Such a combination of properties paves the way for complete bone regeneration and remodeling. It is important to thoroughly characterize the biodegradation behavior, mechanical properties, and bone regeneration ability when developing ideal porous absorbable metal implants. We review the state-of-the-art of absorbable porous metals manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM), with a focus on geometrical design, material type, processing, and post-treatment. The impact of the latter aspects on absorption behavior, resulting mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility will also be briefly discussed. In comparison to their solid inert counterparts, AM absorbable porous metals (APMs) have shown many unique properties and hold tremendous potential to further optimize their application-specific performance due to their flexible geometrical design. We further highlight challenges in adopting AM APMs for future Orthopedic solutions.

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“…Yang et al made a comprehensive study on the biodegradable application of Zn alloys, and both in-vitro and in-vivo results were quite promising regarding mechanical strength, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and osteogenesis [7]. Considering Materials 2021, 14, 2677 2 of 17 the customized geometry of bone implants, LPBF of Zn-based metals (pure Zn and Zn alloys) has also been attempted [8][9][10]. The Young's modulus of pure Zn porous scaffolds produced by the LPBF decreased to as low as 0.7-1.0 GPa, which fell within the range of trabecular bones, and the strength did not decrease even after 4 weeks of immersion in revised simulated body fluid [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Laser Energy Input and Shielding Gas Flow on Evaporation Fume during Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Zn Metal

et al. 2021

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Zn-based metals exhibits prominent advantages to produce customized biodegradable implants. However, massive evaporation occurs during laser melting of Zn so that it becomes a critical issue to modulate laser energy input and gas shielding conditions to eliminate the negative effect of evaporation fume during the LPBF process. In this research, two numerical models were established to simulate the interaction between the scanning laser and Zn metal as well as the interaction between the shielding gas flow and the evaporation fume, respectively. The first model predicted the evaporation rate under different laser energy input by taking the effect of evaporation on the conservation of energy, momentum, and mass into consideration. With the evaporation rate as the input, the second model predicted the elimination effect of evaporation fume under different conditions of shielding gas flow by taking the effect of the gas circulation system including geometrical design and flow rate. In the case involving an adequate laser energy input and an optimized shielding gas flow, the evaporation fume was efficiently removed from the processing chamber during the LPBF process. Furthermore, the influence of evaporation on surface quality densification was discussed by comparing LPBF of pure Zn and a Titanium alloy. The established numerical analysis not only helps to find the adequate laser energy input and the optimized shielding gas flow for the LPBF of Zn based metal, but is also beneficial to understand the influence of evaporation on the LPBF process.

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Additively manufactured functionally graded biodegradable porous zinc

Abstract: First report on the effect of topology design on the biodegradation, mechanical properties, and cell responses of additively manufactured Zn.

Cited by 59 publications

References 64 publications

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Additively Manufactured Absorbable Porous Metal Implants – Processing, Alloying and Corrosion Behavior

Influence of Laser Energy Input and Shielding Gas Flow on Evaporation Fume during Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Zn Metal

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