Addressing Frequency Control Challenges in Future Low-Inertia Power Systems: A Great Britain Perspective

Hong, Qiteng; Khan, Asif Uddin; Henderson, Callum; Egea‐Àlvarez, Agustí; Tzelepis, Dimitrios; Booth, Campbell

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.005

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…With further decommissioning of synchronous generators, future power systems are expected to be more oscillatory in nature during and after disturbance [26]* (Figure 3). Large-scale Electric Vehicles (EV) adoption could result in abrupt demand variation, which also entails a fast frequency response [27]*.…”

Section: A Pre-event Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 presents a comparison of frequency control capabilities of various techniques for future low inertia power systems. Synchronous condensers appear to be a costly approach, as these systems require conversion of decommissioned synchronous generators or installation of new units to provide requisite and reserve capacity [26]*.…”

Section: B Post-event Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Farooq

Bass

2022

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern power systems characterized by complex topologies require accurate situational awareness to maintain an adequate level of reliability. Since they are large and spread over wide geographical areas, it is inevitable that failures will occur. Various generation and transmission disturbances, such as generator and transmission line tripping and load disconnection, give rise to a mismatch between generation and demand, which manifest as frequency events. These events can take the form of negligible frequency deviations or more severe emergencies that can precipitate cascading outages, depending on the severity of the disturbance and efficacy of remedial action schema. The impacts of such events have become more critical recently due to increased levels of renewable penetration and distributed energy resources, which have caused a decline in system synchronous inertia. Due to the repercussions, it is indispensable to arrest such disturbances on time by activating primary frequency control measures. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review is presented on the techniques used for event detection in power systems and the methods of primary frequency response in modern power systems. The paper also highlights the impacts of severe frequency events within power systems.

show abstract

Section: A Pre-event Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Post-event Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Farooq

Bass

2022

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As more converter interfaced generation is connected to the power system, the available network inertia is expected to continue declining [3]. Several power system operators worldwide have expressed concerns that this might cause the system to become unstable [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertia and Frequency Support From Britain's AC Powered Trains

Henderson

Egea‐Àlvarez

Rull-Duran

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The penetration of converter connected generation is increasing globally, bringing with it valid concerns over the stability of the modern electricity network. In terms of frequency stability, the provision of inertia and frequency support from converter interfaced generation has been the topic of significant research with a wide range of systems considered. One resource that has avoided significant attention is the GB rail electrical rolling stock. Everyday thousands of trains run on a strict schedule, travelling at high speeds with considerable mass all acting as one large energy store. The AC connected trains possess regenerative braking systems allowing for this energy to be harvested. With simple software modifications this energy can be extracted during large frequency events. This article investigates the power available for inertia and frequency response throughout a working day. A sensitivity analysis of parameters is conducted and the work looks to the future by considering increasing penetration of AC trains. A response between 300 -850 MW is estimated for a one-minute frequency response. The calculated energy and response profile was then used to investigate the effect that the trains would have had on the 9 th of August power cut that occurred in the UK in 2019.

show abstract

“…While crucial for combatting climate change, the resultant increase in penetration of power electronic converters raises some concerns. Converter connected generation (CCG) differs from traditional synchronous generators in multiple ways and significant research focuses on reduction of system inertia [2]. However, fault current contribution, voltage stiffness and impedance also differ greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring an Impedance-Based SCR for Accurate Representation of Grid-Forming Converters

Henderson

Egea‐Àlvarez

Papadopoulos

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The strength of an electrical network connection point is often characterized by the short circuit ratio. Analysis of the fault current contribution at the node can provide information on system impedance, voltage stability, maximum power transfer and system recovery time. However, the introduction of more power converter connected generation decreases the validity of the current short circuit ratio definition. Mainly, the parameters that determine the strength of a connection point cannot be inferred from the fault level contribution. This article presents a discussion on the pitfalls of quantifying the strength of an electrical network using fault current contribution. The limitations of the method for converter dominated networks are presented and alternative definitions from literature are discussed with drawbacks explored. Further considerations for a new index are described, and the article suggests utilizing system impedances for investigation of different stability components. Varying converter control algorithms are explored in terms of impedance, both grid-following and grid-forming. Gridforming structures without a current loop were found to provide the greatest improvement in voltage stiffness.

show abstract

Addressing Frequency Control Challenges in Future Low-Inertia Power Systems: A Great Britain Perspective

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Frequency Event Detection and Mitigation in Power Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Inertia and Frequency Support From Britain's AC Powered Trains

Exploring an Impedance-Based SCR for Accurate Representation of Grid-Forming Converters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About