Addressing the epidemiologic transition in the former Soviet Union: strategies for health system and public health reform in Russia.

Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.86.3.313

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Household consumption data also support the picture of rising living standards throughout this period; the growth in per capita household consumption met or exceeded the Chernichovsky et al (1996) and Tulchinsky and Varavikova (1996) The specific location of each data series by fond, opis and delo is given in Appendix 1. by published data on food consumption, divorce rates and urbanization in the relevant years.…”

Section: Previous Assessments Of Economic Growth and Well-being Imentioning

confidence: 72%

Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data

Brainerd¹

2010

J. Econ. Hist.

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Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade -sometimes rapidly -in the postwar era, suggesting a rising standard of living throughout the period. This paper uses archival data and anthropometric studies conducted across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using alternative measures of well-being. Previously unpublished archival data on adult and infant mortality, as well as numerous studies of the heights of children, adolescents and adults are used to analyze health and living conditions across Russia's regions from 1955 to 1989. Overall, these data paint a picture of a society far behind other developed countries in the health status of its population in the early postwar era. For example, children born in the mid1950s reached only the 10 to 25 percentile by height on U.S. growth charts, suggesting th th widespread stunting of children during that period. However, substantial and rapid improvements in child height and birth weight were recorded in subsequent years, so that by the late 1960s children reached roughly the 40 percentile of US child heights. A period of th decline followed, marked by rising infant and adult mortality rates and by declining birth weights and child heights. It appears that the high GNP growth rates achieved in the Soviet Union in this period failed to translate into continuous improvements in well-being for the population as a whole, and in fact by these measures the standard of living worsened significantly in the later decades of this period._________________

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Section: Previous Assessments Of Economic Growth and Well-being Imentioning

confidence: 72%

Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data

Brainerd¹

2010

J. Econ. Hist.

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“…Russian mortality crisis received significant attention in the scientific literature (Brainerd and Cutler 2005;Ellman 1994;Gavrilova et al 1997;Notzon et al 1998;Shkolnikov et al 1995aShkolnikov et al , b, 1998aShkolnikov et al , 2004Tulchinsky and Varavikova 1996;Walberg et al 1998). These studies showed that diseases of the circulatory system and injuries were the major causes of death contributing to the decrease in life expectancy in Russia after 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russian Mortality Crisis and the Quality of Vital Statistics

Gavrilova

Semyonova

Dubrovina³

et al. 2008

Popul Res Policy Rev

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Mortality from ill-defined conditions in Russia has the fastest rate of increase compared to all other major causes of death. High proportion of deaths in this category is indicative for low quality of mortality statistics. This article examines the trends and possible causes of mortality from ill-defined conditions in Russia. During 1991During -2005, mortality from ill-defined conditions in Russia increased in all age groups. The pace of increase was particularly high at working ages and the mean expected age at death from ill-defined conditions has shifted to younger ages, particularly for men. The analysis of individual medical death certificates issued in Kirov and Smolensk regions of Russia demonstrate that 89-100% of working-age deaths from ill-defined conditions correspond to human bodies found in a state of decomposition. Data from Smolensk region shows that over 60% of these decedents were unemployed. Temporal trends of mortality from ill-defined conditions and injuries of undetermined intent in Moscow city suggest that deaths from the latter cause were probably misclassified as ill-defined conditions. This practice can lead to underestimation of mortality from external causes. Growing number of socially isolated marginalized people in Russia and insufficient investigation of the circumstances of their death contribute to the observed trends in mortality from ill-defined conditions.

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“…8,[19][20][21] From the 1930s onwards, medical education was no longer provided by universities, but by institutes established and controlled by the Ministry of Health, undermining the quality of medical education. 22 Furthermore, professional medical associations had been abolished and a quality control system for health care providers was lacking. 23,24 Professionals had no access to the international scientific literature; the small number of domestic journals was obliged to publish in strict conformance with communist ideals and slogans, and censorship was rife.…”

Section: Historical Background: Soviet Practices Prior To 1991mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Targets in the Former Soviet Countries: Responding to the NCD Challenge?

Glonti

Rechel

2013

Public Health Rev

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This article examines health target-setting in 12 former Soviet countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We explored which health targets were set out in national health strategies and within the context of the United Nations initiative on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We found that few former Soviet countries embraced health targets in national health strategies that were quantitative and time-bound. In contrast, measurable and time-bound targets were adopted by almost all countries in the region within the MDG initiative. As the MDG initiative failed to reflect the considerable burden of non-communicable disease in the region, and focussed entirely on communicable disease and mother and child health, this meant that health targets were missing for one of the most severe health challenges in the former Soviet countries. The quality of health data that could guide national health policies is another major challenge for the control of both communicable and non-communicable disease, as well as improvements in mother and child health.

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Addressing the epidemiologic transition in the former Soviet Union: strategies for health system and public health reform in Russia.

Cited by 108 publications

References 14 publications

Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data

Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data

Russian Mortality Crisis and the Quality of Vital Statistics

Health Targets in the Former Soviet Countries: Responding to the NCD Challenge?

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