“…More structured nature-related experiences, including urban community gardening projects, school-based gardening projects, and outdoor classrooms, have also been used to foster positive attitudes toward science and, in some cases, higher science achievement (Berezowitz, Bontrager, & Schoeller, 2015;Education & Roundtable, 2000;Fusco, 2001;Klemmer, Waliczek, & Zajicek, 2005;Mittelstaedt, Sanker, & VanderVeer, 1999;Williams, Brule, Kelley, & Skinner, 2018). Some STEM camps have also been found to improve both science attitudes and achievement (Bischoff, Castendyk, Gallagher, Schaumloffel, & Labroo, 2008;Gibson & Chase, 2002;Hayden, Ouyang, Scinski, Olszewski, & Bielefeldt, 2011;Knox, Moynihan, & Markowitz, 2003;Levine, Serio, Radaram, Chaudhuri, & Talbert, 2015;Markowitz, 2004). For example, students enrolled in the Summer Science Academy program at the University of Rochester reported more confidence in their science abilities, higher motivation to pursue a science career, and better performance in their science classes (Knox et al, 2003).…”