Adenine Nucleotides as Feeding Stimulants of the Tsetse Fly Glossina austeni Newst.

Galun, Rachel; Margalit, J.

doi:10.1038/222583a0

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Male tsetse flies from the Bristol laboratory colony of Glossina morsitans morsitans were kept at 25 °C and 70% relative humidity, and fed via a silicone membrane on sterile defibrinated horse blood supplemented with 2.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (Sigma A4503) [19] and 1 mM dATP [20]. Flies were given an infective bloodmeal as their first feed 24–48 h post-eclosion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Peacock

Ferris

Bailey

et al. 2008

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Like yeast, Trypanosoma brucei is a model organism and has a published genome sequence. Although T. b. brucei strain 427 is used for studies of trypanosome molecular biology, particularly antigenic variation, in many labs worldwide, this strain was not selected for the genome sequencing project as it is monomorphic and unable to complete development in the insect vector. Instead, the fly transmissible, mating competent strain TREU 927 was used for the genome project, but is not as easily grown or genetically manipulable as strain 427; furthermore, recent findings have spread concern on the potential human infectivity of TREU 927. Here we show that a 40-year-old cryopreserved line of strain 427, Variant 3, is fly transmissible and also able to undergo genetic exchange with another strain of T. b. brucei. Comparison of Variant 3 with lab isolates of 427 shows that all have variant surface glycoprotein genes 117, 121 and 221, and identical alleles for 3 microsatellite loci. Therefore, despite some differences in molecular karyotype, there is no doubt that Variant 3 is an ancestral line of present day 427 lab isolates. Since Variant 3 grows fast both as bloodstream forms and procyclics and is readily genetically manipulable, it may prove useful where a fly transmissible version of 427 is required.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Peacock

Ferris

Bailey

et al. 2008

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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show abstract

“…Flies were kept at 25°C and 70% relative humidity, and fed on sterile defibrinated horse blood via a silicone membrane; bloodmeals for infected flies were supplemented with 2.5% w/v bovine serum albumen (Sigma A4503) [27] and 1 mM dATP [28]. Male flies were used for experiments, being given the infective bloodmeal for their first feed 24–48 hours post-eclosion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of infection and competition between two strains of Trypanosoma brucei bruceiin the tsetse fly observed using fluorescent markers

Peacock

Ferris

Bailey

et al. 2007

Kinetoplastid Biol Dis

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Background: Genetic exchange occurs between Trypanosoma brucei strains during the complex developmental cycle in the tsetse vector, probably within the salivary glands. Successful mating will depend on the dynamics of co-infection with multiple strains, particularly if intraspecific competition occurs. We have previously used T. brucei expressing green fluorescent protein to study parasite development in the vector, enabling even one trypanosome to be visualized. Here we have used two different trypanosome strains transfected with either green or red fluorescent proteins to study the dynamics of co-infection directly in the tsetse fly.

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“…Because the gustatory responses to phagostimulants have evolved independently many times, it is possible that receptors also reflect high divergence in location, structure and function. In some blood feeders, such as the tsetse fly Glossina that has sponging mouthparts, phagostimulant-responsive sensilla have been identified on the labella, and have been recorded from using extracellular tip recordings (Galun and Margalit, 1969;Mitchell, 1976). Similar recordings from labral apical sensilla of C. pipiens (Liscia et al, 1993) and A. aegypti (Werner-Reiss et al, 1999a) have identified NaCl, Na 2 HPO 4 , L-alanine and ATP responsive sensilla; notably, these chemosensilla are present only in female mosquitoes.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Blood constituents as phagostimulants for the bed bug,Cimex lectularius L

Romero

Schal

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many hematophagous arthropods are stimulated by blood constituents to initiate feeding. We used a membrane-based feeding system to identify chemicals that stimulate acceptance and engorgement responses in various life stages of bed bugs. Water was fortified with a variety of compounds (e.g. salts, amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, cholesterol and fatty acids) in these bioassays. ATP was the most effective phagostimulant in adults and nymphs, resulting in >70% of bed bugs fully engorging. Addition of NaCl to low ATP solutions that alone elicited <50% engorgement significantly enhanced feeding responses of bed bugs. A comparison of feeding responses with solutions of various adenine nucleotides showed that ATP was more stimulatory than ADP, which was more effective than AMP. Feeding assays with physiological levels of other blood constituents such as D-glucose, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and mixtures of vitamins and amino acids did not stimulate engorgement, suggesting that adenine nucleotides are the most important feeding stimulants in bed bugs. Identification of phagostimulants for bed bugs will contribute towards the development of artificial diets for rearing purposes, as well as for the development of alternative methods to eliminate bed bug infestations.

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Adenine Nucleotides as Feeding Stimulants of the Tsetse Fly Glossina austeni Newst.

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Fly transmission and mating of Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain 427

Dynamics of infection and competition between two strains of Trypanosoma brucei bruceiin the tsetse fly observed using fluorescent markers

Blood constituents as phagostimulants for the bed bug,Cimex lectularius L

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