Adenovirus—Simian Virus 40 Interactions

Klessig, Daniel F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7935-5_10

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Human adenoviruses will enter and initiate infection in a wide variety of mammalian cells in culture (25,35 (16,37). An intron of each cellular gene was linked to viral E1B intron sequences and a transcription unit completed with the E1B intron, the E1B 3' splice site, and the E1B exon and poly(A) site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such steadystate measurements are usually made only after prolonged incubation time (24 to 72 h). Use of this assay to study transcriptional control requires the assumption that both an unusual mRNA and protein product are equally stable in different cells under different conditions.To combat the problems discussed above, we have incorporated test genes into the genome of the human adenovirus type 5 (3, 20, 40), which will attach to and promptly initiate the early stages of infection in most rodent and human cells (25,35). An assay of the activity of the test gene in * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To combat the problems discussed above, we have incorporated test genes into the genome of the human adenovirus type 5 (3, 20, 40), which will attach to and promptly initiate the early stages of infection in most rodent and human cells (25,35). An assay of the activity of the test gene in * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: cell specificity of albumin and immunoglobulin expression.

Friedman¹,

Babiss²,

Clayton³

et al. 1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Recombinant adenoviruses were constructed in which the viral ElA gene was deleted and the E1B promoter was replaced by the rat albumin, mouse p-major globin, or mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter.After infection of human or rat hepatoma cells, ElB-containing mRNAs could be detected only from the virus containing the albumin promoter. Conversely, only the immunoglobulin promoter was active in virus-infected myeloma cells. However, in hepatoma cells transcription from the albumin promoter in the virus was much less than that of the endogenous cellular albumin gene or of other viral genes. In primary mouse hepatocytes endogenous albumin gene transcription was high immediately after plating but declined within 24 h. Expression of the albumin promoter in the virus paralleled that of the cellular albumin gene. From these results it appears that cell-specific expression of albumin depends on the presence of tissue-specific trans-acting factors, but the presence of such factors does not suffice for a maximal rate of transcription, a conclusion that requires direct comparison within a differentiated cell of a newly introduced and preexisting active cell gene.Tissue-specific gene expression in vertebrates appears most often to result from regulation of transcriptional initiation (11,12,36,41,44). In our previous experiments on gene control in mouse hepatocytes and cultured mouse and rat hepatoma cells, we have noted two aspects of transcriptional control: specificity among cell types (12, 36) and a higher differential rate of transcription for liver-specific genes by adult hepatocytes on the one hand and fetal hepatocytes, hepatoma cells, and cultured adult cells on the other (6-8, 36).While cell-specific expression of genes introduced by transfection into cultured differentiated cell lines from the pancreas, lens, the P-lymphocytic series, and liver has been demonstrated, (5,13,15,16,19,34,37,42), the direct measurement of transcription rates following transfection is difficult to determine. Moreover, transfection experiments do not afford a comparison between the rate of transcription of endogenous and newly introduced genes because only a small fraction of the exposed cells actually take up and express the plasmid DNA. A further difficulty in transfection experiments is that all cell types are not equally receptive to uptake or the expression of newly introduced DNA, making comparisons between cell types very difficult.Finally, the gene expression assay in most reported transfection experiments relies on the steady-state amount of an mRNA or protein product, often the levels of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity produced from a fusion of the regulatory region of the tissue-specific gene with the gene encoding the CAT protein. Such steadystate measurements are usually made only after prolonged incubation time (24 to 72 h). Use of this assay to study transcriptional control requires the assumption that both an unusual mRNA and protein product are equally stable in different cells under diff...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: cell specificity of albumin and immunoglobulin expression.

Friedman¹,

Babiss²,

Clayton³

et al. 1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…The earliest indications that the DNA content of the adenovirus capsid was probably rather severely limited at a maximum of not much more than the wt genome came from studies on the structure of Ad2-SV40 hybrid viruses (reviewed by Grodzicker, 1980;Klessig, 1984 (Challberg and Ketner, 1981;Berkner and Sharp, 1983 (Jones and Shenk, 1978) and Ad5in52 with an insert in EIA of 2.2 kb (Graham, 1984 Polypeptide IX has been shown to be associated with the hexons that constitute 'groups of nine' (GON) within the facets of the icosahedron (Maizel et al, 1968;Everitt et al, 1973;Boulanger et al, 1979 (Burnett, 1984; Oostrum and Burnett, 1985 cumstances. However, all involve the use of infectious viral DNA which must be restricted, and sometimes fractionated on gels, or treated with alkaline phosphatase to reduce the frequency of occurrence of parental virus, and all result in an unavoidable background of undesirable progeny which must be screened to obtain the desired mutant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For some time circumstantial evidence has existed suggesting that, like most viruses with this type of capsid architecture, the wild-type adenovirus genome size is very close to the maximum amount of DNA which can be contained within the capsid. For example a variety of SV40-adenovirus hybrid viruses exist in which recombination between the two genomes has resulted in the insertion of part of the SV40 genome into the adenovirus DNA molecule (see reviews by Grodzicker, 1980;Klessig, 1984). In every case a presumably compensatory deletion of adenovirus sequences has occurred such that the final size of the hybrid genome is less than that of the wt adenovirus parent or is increased by not more than -1000 bp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein IX, a minor component of the human adenovirus capsid, is essential for the packaging of full length genomes.

Ghosh-Choudhury¹,

Haj-Ahmad²,

Graham³

1987

The EMBO Journal

122

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Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) contains a 36-kb doublestranded DNA molecule in an icosahedral capsid. Attempts to construct Ad5 insertion mutants containing DNA of more than about 105% of the genome size resulted in viral progeny in which deletions had occurred suggesting the existence of severe constraints on the size of packageable DNA molecules. To partially circumvent these constraints we used an adenovirus vector, Ad5dlEl,3, with deletions in early regions 1 (El) and 3 for a total net reduction in genome size of 5349 bp and an expected capacity for inserts of > 7 kb. To use this vector efficiently we generated a circular form of dlEl,3 DNA which could be propagated as an infectious bacterial plasmid. When this plasmid was used as a recipient for inserts of various sizes it was found that its capacity was much less than expected and that dlEl,3 virion capsids could not even package DNA as large as the wt genome. Because the El deletion of dlEl,3 extends into the coding sequences for protein IX, a minor capsid component known to affect the heat stability of adenovirions, the possibility that absence of this polypeptide might also affect the DNA capacity of the virion was investigated. It was found that when the coding sequences for protein IX were restored the packaging capacity of the vector was also restored to that of wt virions. Thus protein IX is an essential constituent of virion capsids dispensable only for virions containing DNA of less than genomic size.

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Vectors for Gene Transfer Derived from Animal DNA Viruses: Transient and Stable Expression of Transferred Genes

Baichwal

Sugden

1986

Gene Transfer

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Adenovirus—Simian Virus 40 Interactions

Cited by 18 publications

References 221 publications

Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: cell specificity of albumin and immunoglobulin expression.

Cellular promoters incorporated into the adenovirus genome: cell specificity of albumin and immunoglobulin expression.

Protein IX, a minor component of the human adenovirus capsid, is essential for the packaging of full length genomes.

Vectors for Gene Transfer Derived from Animal DNA Viruses: Transient and Stable Expression of Transferred Genes

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