Adenovirus species C detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing

Tórtora, Rosângela Prendin; Guimarães, Maria Angélica Arpon Marandino; Souza, Leandro Magalhães de; Santos, Isabela Arruda; Varella, Rafael Brandão; March, Maria de Fátima Pombo; Cunha, Antônio José Lêdo Alves da; ́Anna, Clemax Couto Sant

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as the main pathogen of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children, is one of the main causes of asthma in young patients [ 5 ]. Previous reports showed that RSV infection accounts for 80-85% and 75-80% of asthma cases in children and adults, respectively [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 Axis Ameliorates Acute Bronchiolitis Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Zhang

Wan

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background/Aim. Bronchiolitis is a common acute lower respiratory tract infectious disease in infants. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is one of the main causes. Bronchiolitis can lead to a significant increase in the incidence of asthma in young children, but the mechanism of bronchiolitis transforming into asthma is still unclear. The study was aimed at investigating the role of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 axis on RSV-induced acute bronchiolitis. Methods. A total of 40 infants diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis infected by RSV, and 20 normal infants were included in this study. BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old, 20 ± 1.1 g) were used as study models. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real time PCR, western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to examine relevant indicators. Results. IL-33 level was significantly elevated, and Th1/Th2 ratio is imbalance after in infants with acute bronchiolitis. In vivo study, we found that NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 axis is mediated the Th2 cytokine levels and BAL cell number induced by RSV. Acute bronchiolitis induced by RSV in a mouse model is attenuated after inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 pathway. Moreover, we also confirmed that macrophages are important sources of IL-33 and are regulated by NF-κB pathway in RSV-induced mice. Conclusion. We confirmed that inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 axis could attenuate acute bronchiolitis by RSV infected. Our findings not only demonstrate the potential role of IL-33 antibody in attenuating RSV-induced lung damage but also provide a new insight into better prevention of RSV-induced asthma by mediating NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 axis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 Axis Ameliorates Acute Bronchiolitis Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Zhang

Wan

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…in immunocompetent individuals, the infection may lead to fatal pneumonia in young children (4)(5)(6)(7). It was reported that more than 20% of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections had HAdV (1,8,9), with species C as the unique pathogen in children with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing (8). HAdV infection transmits from person to person directly by coughing and sneezing or close contact, such as touching contaminated objects or surfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote Latent Adenovirus Reactivation from Tonsillectomy Specimens

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

J Virol

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Adenovirus (HAdV) infection is a common cause of illness among young children, immunocompromised patients, and transplant recipients. The majority of HAdV infections are self-limited, but recurring infection is frequently encountered in young children and may require hospitalization. In this study, we surveyed the presence of HAdV in tonsillectomy samples and investigated epigenetic conditions that contributed to HAdV reactivation. HAdV DNA was detected from 86.7% donors. The lymphocytes isolated from the samples failed to produce infectious HAdV after incubation, suggesting the viruses remained in a latent status. To determine whether epigenetic factors played a role in HAdV reactivation, isolated lymphocytes were treated with a small compound library. Viral DNA replication and infectious HAdV production were assayed by PCR and by a secondary infection assay. We identified several compounds, mainly pan- and selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which showed activity to reactivate HAdV from latency. The viruses were isolated and were determined as species C HAdV. Using a model of HAdV lytic infection, we showed that the compounds promoted histone-3 acetylation and association with viral early gene promoters. In addition to demonstrate the palatine tonsils as a reservoir of latent HAdV, this study uncovers a critical role of histone acetylation in HAdV reactivation, linking HAdV latency to recurrent HAdV infection. IMPORTANCE Respiratory tract infection by adenoviruses is among the most common diseases in children, attributing to approximately 20% of hospitalizations of children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Adenovirus transmits by direct contact, but recurrent infection is common. Ever since its isolation, adenovirus has been known to have the ability to establish persistent or latent infection. We found 87.7% tonsillectomy specimens contained detectable amounts of adenoviral DNA. Isolated lymphocytes did not produce infectious adenoviruses without stimulation. By screening an epigenetic informer compound library, we identified several histone deacetylase inhibitors that promoted adenovirus reactivation that was evidenced by increased viral DNA replication and production of infectious viruses. The human tonsils are covered with bacterial pathogens that may utilize pathogen-associated pattern molecules or metabolites to cause epigenetic activation and proinflammatory gene transcription, which may lead to viral reactivation from latency. The study shows that recurrent adenovirus infection could arise from reactivation of residing virus from previous infections.

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“…HAdV infections cause a range of clinical manifestations in immunocompetent individuals, most commonly acute respiratory illness (ARI), gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis ( 3 , 5 ). HAdV infections of the upper respiratory tract are common yet subclinical, including common cold symptoms, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, and pharyngoconjunctival fever ( 6 , 7 ). Life-threatening disseminated infection and lower respiratory infection, like severe pneumonia and encephalitis, occur occasionally, especially among young infants and immunocompromised patients ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Tonsil Microbiota and Their Effect on Adenovirus Reactivation in Tonsillectomy Samples

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Microbiol Spectr

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Adenovirus species C detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 Axis Ameliorates Acute Bronchiolitis Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Inhibition of NF-κB/IL-33/ST2 Axis Ameliorates Acute Bronchiolitis Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promote Latent Adenovirus Reactivation from Tonsillectomy Specimens

Characterization of Tonsil Microbiota and Their Effect on Adenovirus Reactivation in Tonsillectomy Samples

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