Adenylate cyclase activity in <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk</i>: Characteristics of the enzyme from mantle tissue

Mancebo, M.J.; Treviño, Mercedes; Crespo, Claudia A.; Espinosa, Joaquín M.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402580206

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, the literature on cAMP and its physiological responses predates the discovery of sAC in mammals. For example, cAMP production in some bivalve species such as Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes philippinarum, as well as the sea hare, Aplysia californica, are unresponsive to, or only slightly stimulated by, forskolin (Mancebo et al, 1991;Valbonesi et al, 2004;Weiss and Drummond, 1985). Although the results of these studies have been explained by attributing activity to orthologs related to the forskolin-insensitive tmAC IX isoform, orthologs of sAC could supply an alternative, equally plausible, explanation.…”

Section: Sac In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Established and potential physiological roles of bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in aquatic animals

Tresguerres

Barott

Barron

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a recently recognized source of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP) that is genetically and biochemically distinct from the classic G-protein-regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs). Mammalian sAC is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and it may be present in the nucleus and inside mitochondria. sAC activity is directly stimulated by HCO 3 -, and sAC has been confirmed to be a HCO 3 -sensor in a variety of mammalian cell types. In addition, sAC can functionally associate with carbonic anhydrases to act as a de facto sensor of pH and CO 2 . The two catalytic domains of sAC are related to HCO 3 --regulated adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, suggesting the cAMP pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for sensing CO 2 levels and/or acid/base conditions. Reports of sAC in aquatic animals are still limited but are rapidly accumulating. In shark gills, sAC senses blood alkalosis and triggers compensatory H + absorption. In the intestine of bony fishes, sAC modulates NaCl and water absorption. And in sea urchin sperm, sAC may participate in the initiation of flagellar movement and in the acrosome reaction. Bioinformatics and RT-PCR results reveal that sAC orthologs are present in most animal phyla. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological roles of sAC in aquatic animals and suggests additional functions in which sAC may be involved.KEY WORDS: V-ATPase, Acid/base, cAMP, Carbonic anhydrase, pH sensing, Proton pump IntroductionCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the signaling molecule of one of the most versatile and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways. cAMP is produced by adenylyl cyclase enzymes that use ATP as substrate. There are six different classes of adenylyl cyclases distributed throughout Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya; these classes are unrelated in sequence and structure but all produce cAMP as a result of convergent evolution (Linder and Schultz, 2008). All known eukaryotic adenylyl cyclases, including soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) and transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) from animals, belong to Class III. Discovery of mammalian sACUntil recently, vertebrate animals were believed to have only one type of adenylyl cyclase, a family of hormone and G-proteinregulated tmACs. Mammals have nine tmAC genes (ADCY1-9), which differ in their tissue and developmental expression as well as in some of their regulatory properties (Cooper, 2003;Hanoune and Defer, 2001 (Braun, 1974;Braun, 1975;Braun, 1990;Braun, 1991;Braun and Dods, 1975). This enzyme was termed 'soluble adenylyl cyclase' (sAC) because its activity is preferentially found in the cytosolic fraction, although some activity is also found associated with membranes. Subsequent immunolocalization and biochemical studies found sAC in the cell cytoplasm and in organelles (Zippin et al., 2003;Zippin et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of sAC changed the assumption that cAMP is produced exclusively in the proximity of the cell membrane by tmACs. Pr...

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Section: Sac In Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Established and potential physiological roles of bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in aquatic animals

Tresguerres

Barott

Barron

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Moreover, a cAMP-binding protein was purified and classified as a type II regulatory subunit (11). Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity was also reported in this tissue, together with seasonal variations that relate such activity to the gonad cycle (12,13). Other authors (6) suggest that the phosphorylation mediated by guanosine 3Ј,5Ј-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) plays a role on the depression of the glycolytic pathway that takes place when the environmental O 2 pressure drops.…”

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confidence: 95%

Measurement of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate and Guanosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

Enrich

Villamarı́n

Martinez

et al. 2000

Analytical Biochemistry

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Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

Fabbri¹,

Capuzzo²

2010

J. Exp. Zool.

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The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling accounts for the control of cellular cascades involved in many physiological functions, and a wealth of information is available on the cAMP system that operates in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, cAMP has a central role also in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. The present review aims at examining the information available on bivalve molluscs, from the first studies carried out in the early 1980s to the last progresses made in the present days. The major focus is on the structural and operational characteristics of the main actors of the signaling pathway, i.e., adenylyl cyclase, G proteins, and protein kinase A, and on the role played by the cyclic nucleotide on smooth muscle, heart, gills, gonads, and metabolism regulation. Moreover, recent evidence regarding the cAMP system as a target of environmental stress factors are discussed. It will become clear that cAMP does play a wide and important role in bivalve physiology. Several issues have been sufficiently clarified, although investigated only in a few model species. However, further fundamental aspects remain unknown, mainly regarding molecular features and interactions with other signaling pathways, thus requiring further elucidation. J. Exp. The discovery of cyclic AMP (cAMP) about 50 years ago was the crucial event leading to our current paradigm of second-messenger signaling, through which many hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and autocrine/paracrine regulators modulate physiological functions. Other second messengers were discovered from then on; however, cAMP has never left its center stage. Biological and genetic evidence point to roles for cAMP in a vast array of biological systems, including oogenesis and embryogenesis, development, hormone secretion, olfaction, cardiac contraction, smooth muscle relaxation, metabolism, etc. Therefore, understanding the cAMP-dependent pathway in all its parts became a scientific priority that prompted to a remarkable amount of studies and relevant achievements (Diel et al., 2008;Sadana and Dessauer, 2009). Admittedly, the pathway once considered simple and straightforward became very complex, thus requiring more and more sophisticated investigations mainly focused on mammalian cells. If this is easily understandable also for the implications of cAMP signaling in human health and possible therapeutic applications, the counterpart is a rather scarce knowledge of the system in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates.The present review focuses on the cAMP-dependent pathway in bivalve molluscs, aimed at collecting and ordering the research outputs produced in this regard. Bivalve molluscs are the model animals currently studied in our laboratories, and we did experience such fragmented information. Moreover, growing interest is addressed to these animals as widely cultivated aquaculture species and sentinel organisms used for evaluating the environmental quality. Undoubtedly cAMP plays a role in these contexts and an organized set of information would be of be...

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Adenylate cyclase activity in Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk: Characteristics of the enzyme from mantle tissue

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Established and potential physiological roles of bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in aquatic animals

Established and potential physiological roles of bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in aquatic animals

Measurement of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate and Guanosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview

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