ADHD and Vision Problems in the National Survey of Children’s Health

DeCarlo, Dawn K.; Swanson, Mark W.; McGwin, Gerald; Visscher, Kristina; Owsley, Cynthia

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000823

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In one national telephone survey that included 75171 US children without intellectual impairment (age 4‐17 years), those with non‐refractive vision problems recognized by vision‐specific questions showed a higher prevalence of ADHD (15.6%) than did those with normal vision (8.3%). Vision problems remained a risk factor (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.2‐2.7) for current ADHD after adjustment for confounding variables, which is compatible with our findings …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Vision problems remained a risk factor (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.7) for current ADHD after adjustment for confounding variables, which is compatible with our findings. 21 Neuroimaging modalities have been used as investigative tools to study the neuromechanisms of amblyopia and ADHD. 22 In humans with amblyopia, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed not only abnormal activation in a circumscribed part of the V1 region but also extensive extrastriate areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

Tsai

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance The association between visual deficits and attention disorders has been reported but remains unproven. Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with amblyopia. Design Population‐based, cohort study. Participants The dataset from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000 to 2010. Methods A total of 6817 patients aged <18 years with newly diagnosed amblyopia were identified. Four age‐ and sex‐matched controls without amblyopia were included for each patient, that is, 27268 controls. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the risk of ADHD. The secondary outcomes were age at ADHD onset and use of ADHD medication. Results During a mean observation period of 7.18 years, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person‐years was 7.02 in the amblyopia group and 4.61 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The ADHD risk in the amblyopia group was 1.81 times that in the control group (hazard ratio 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.59‐2.06). After stratification by amblyopia subtype, the greatest risk was in the deprivation type (hazard ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.56‐2.92) followed by the strabismic (hazard ratio 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.79) and refractive (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.54‐2.02) types. Age at ADHD onset was younger in the amblyopia group (median 8.14 vs 8.45 years; P = 0.0096). The average duration of neuropsychiatric medication use was comparable between groups (P = 0.98). Conclusions and Relevance The ADHD risk is higher in children with amblyopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

Tsai

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…To date, only few studies investigated the association between refractive error and ADHD with mixed results (DeCarlo et al, 2014; DeCarlo, Swanson, McGwin, Visscher, & Owsley, 2016; Granet, Gomi, Ventura, & Miller-Scholte, 2005; Grönlund, Aring, Landgren, & Hellström, 2007; Mezer & Wygnanski-Jaffe, 2012). Although the majority observed that the prevalence of refractive error was higher in children and adolescents with ADHD compared with healthy controls (DeCarlo et al, 2014; DeCarlo et al, 2016; Granet et al, 2005; Grönlund et al, 2007; Mezer & Wygnanski-Jaffe, 2012), another study found no association (Fabian et al, 2013). Current research analyzing the association of refractive error and ADHD focuses only on the specific relationship of insufficiency of convergence or accommodation and ADHD, noting a greater occurrence of these both forms of refractive error in children with ADHD (Bartuccio, Taub, & Kieser, 2008; Borsting, Rouse, & Chu, 2005; Granet et al, 2005; Rouse et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Underestimated Role of Refractive Error (Hyperopia, Myopia, and Astigmatism) and Strabismus in Children With ADHD

et al. 2018

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Objective: To examine the association of refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) and strabismus with ADHD. Method: Based on data from the large, representative, epidemiological sample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study (N = 13,488), the associations of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus with ADHD were examined, with and without consideration of other common ADHD risk factors. Results: In single logistic regression models, all examined forms of refractive error and strabismus showed an association with ADHD. After controlling for confounding variables, results remained stable and showed an increased risk for ADHD in children with hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus compared with the control group. Only the association between myopia and ADHD in children was not significant. Conclusion: Hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus seem to be independently associated with ADHD. Health care professionals in different medical fields should consider this association to adequately diagnose and treat affected children.

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“…Children with vision problems were also more likely to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD (18.6% vs. 10.4%; p < 0.001) [38].…”

Section: Comorbidity With Neuroophthalmological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

Radmanović¹,

Burgić²

2021

ADHD - From Etiology to Comorbidity

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological disorder that involves the interaction of the neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter systems. It is a developmental disorder of psychomotor skills that is manifested by impaired attention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. This disorder is characterized by early onset, the association of hyperactive and poorly coordinated behavior with marked inattention and lack of perseverance in performing tasks; and this behavior occurs in all situations and persists over time. This disorder is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age and maladaptive. Disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain with discrete neurological changes can lead to behavioral difficulties and other psychological problems. Most children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have comorbidities, often multiple comorbid conditions in the same person. Comorbidity was observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. It is estimated that about two-thirds of children with this disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder diagnosed. Symptoms persist and lead to significant difficulties in the daily functioning of the child, such as school success, social interactions, family and social functioning, etc. Recent studies indicate the presence of various neuroophthalmological disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD. The most common comorbidities in children and adolescents with ADHD that will be covered in this chapter are autism spectrum disorder, mood disorder, anxiety, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, tics disorder and epilepsy.

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ADHD and Vision Problems in the National Survey of Children’s Health

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study

The Underestimated Role of Refractive Error (Hyperopia, Myopia, and Astigmatism) and Strabismus in Children With ADHD

Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

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