ADHD in the Arab World

Farah, Lynn; Fayyad, John; Eapen, Valsamma; Cassir, Youmna; Salamoun, Mariana; Tabet, Caroline Cordahi; Mneimneh, Zeina; Karam, Elie G.

doi:10.1177/1087054708325976

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The prevalence of ADHD in this study is 10.2% and is relatively high compared to prevalence estimates reported in other parts of the Arab world [19] and in an earlier Lebanese study [11] which found a prevalence of 3.2% among school-aged children using a teacher rating scale. Our high prevalence could be explained by a difference in methodology as our study used a structured diagnostic tool to interview both adolescents and their parents in order to make a diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria, whereas most other regional studies were conducted in school samples, surveyed pre-adolescent children, and relied on self-questionnaires or teachers’ rating scales [19, 20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Our high prevalence could be explained by a difference in methodology as our study used a structured diagnostic tool to interview both adolescents and their parents in order to make a diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria, whereas most other regional studies were conducted in school samples, surveyed pre-adolescent children, and relied on self-questionnaires or teachers’ rating scales [19, 20]. Furthermore, although our sample was socioeconomically diverse, our sampling area was uniformly urban, and studies conducted in urban environments have been associated with increased parental reporting of ADHD [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Ghossoub

Ghandour

Halabi

et al. 2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the prevalence, correlates and treatment seeking behavior related to ADHD among adolescents from Lebanon.MethodsFive hundred and ten adolescents were recruited through multistage stratified cluster sampling of households in Beirut, and separately interviewed along with one parent/legal guardian, using the DAWBA. All adolescents completed the PRQ and the SDQ; the parent/legal guardian also completed the SDQ and provided basic demographic information, including attitudes towards seeking mental health services.Results10.20% of the adolescents were diagnosed with ADHD. Having ADHD was associated with having academic difficulties and being involved in bullying. Adolescents with ADHD also had higher odds of drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and having comorbid emotional and conduct disorders (compared to those without ADHD). Adolescents with ADHD and their parents reported a higher burden of illness and were more likely to consider seeing a mental health professional than healthy adolescents and their parents.ConclusionADHD among adolescents in Lebanon warrants closer attention, mainly increased awareness in the larger public, and stronger commitment to increase treatment resources to the community.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Ghossoub

Ghandour

Halabi

et al. 2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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“…With the increasing number of studies regarding ADHD in children and adolescents in Arab countries, there are still a small number of studies conducted in adult populations with most of them were limited by a small sample size. 43 One of the studies addressing the issue of adult ADHD was carried out in Lebanon, 37 but only as part of an international World Health Organization study, in which the prevalence of adult ADHD was estimated at 1.8%. 44 The authors explained that the low rate of adult ADHD reported in this study was attributed to the use of a structural interview (associated with low rates), and respondents under-reporting their symptoms in interviews due to the stigma of mental illnesses in the Arab world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Arab region only one systematic review was completed in 2009. 15 However, with increased interest in research on ADHD, several new studies have been conducted in the Arab world. This systematic review provides an update on the current state of knowledge with respect to ADHD literature in the Arab world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Arab countries

Alhraiwil

Alı̀

Househ

et al. 2015

NSJ

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Objective:To assess the epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Arab countries, and identify gaps for future research.Methods:We searched PubMed from July 1978 to July 2014 and reviewed local journals with cross-referencing. The keywords we used were ADHD, diagnosis, prevalence, incidence, factor, diagnosis, rate, risk, and each of the names of the 22 Arab countries (Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and so on). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated the epidemiology of ADHD in any Arab country, and were published in English. The search was conducted from 2nd to 5th August 2014 in King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Results:A total of 22 articles were included in the review. Twenty studies were cross-sectional and found the prevalence of ADHD ranged between 1.3-16%, prevalence of hyperactive type ADHD between 1.4-7.8%, and the prevalence of inattention type between 2.1-2.7%. Only 2 case-control studies investigated potential risk factors. Evidence extracted from these studies shows a significant association between ADHD and male gender, previous psychiatric illness in the family, vitamin D deficiency, poor school performance, sleep problems, and nocturnal enuresis.Conclusion:The prevalence of ADHD in Arab countries is comparable to reports in North America, Africa, and other countries of the Middle East. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the prognosis and determinants of this condition in the Arab world.

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“…Moreover, in two studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to elaborate prevalence of ADHD among primary school students revealed that the prevalence ranged between 12.6% in Riyadh, and 16.4% in Dammam (Bener, Qahtani, & Abdelaal, 2006). Farah et al (2008) found children with ADHD rates in Arab populations were similar to those in other cultures, According to the Arab; results in all Arab studies in (i.e., Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab, Lebanon, Qatar) reporting on gender differences showed that the prevalence rate of ADHD was higher in males than in females with ratios varying from 2:1 to 3:1, which is compatible with the international literature on ADHD in both epidemiological and clinical samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

Hammad¹,

Awed²

2016

IJPS

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This study examined the social information processing qualities among children with reactive and proactive aggression among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). It enrolled a total of 112 Saudi school children (62 boys, 50 girls; mean age = 9.26 years, SD = 1.98) of which 51 were diagnosed with ADHD and 61 typically developing peers. Data on children's social informational processing and type of aggression displayed were gathered and analyzed for group differences by diagnosis and gender within diagnosis. Findings suggest gaps in social information processing and elevated aggression levels among children with ADHD compared to typical others. Male children with ADHD to present mostly with proactive aggression and self-serving information processing. Female ADHD were characterized by reactive aggression and selective information processing. Implicit socialization processes might explain the differences in social information processing and type of aggression among male and female students with Arabic culture background.

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ADHD in the Arab World

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Systematic review of the epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Arab countries

Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

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