Adhesion in Perovskite Solar Cell Multilayer Structures

Abstract

It is important to understand the interfacial robustness of promising multilayer structures of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their weak adhesion at interfaces, which can lead to failure or delamination in the structures. Herein, we used force microscopy to quantify the adhesive interactions between adjacent layers of PSCs. The measured pull-off forces are elucidated to rank the adhesion interaction between layers of PSCs that are deposited by vapor and solution crystallization. The effects of crystallized conditions on perovskite morphologies are also studied. The interfacial adhesive forces are then correlated to device performances and charge transfer resistances between perovskites and charge transport layers. The results found that high adhesion forces within solution-processed PSCs led to the low resistance of charge carrier transport across the devices and improved photoconversion efficiencies. The implications of the results are then discussed for the design of robust PSCs.

A dual functional molecule for perovskite/P3HT interface to achieve stable perovskite solar cells

“…We consider that crosslinking of P3HT and OAN 3 can improve long-term stability by preventing interfacial delamination, which is one of the major factors for PSC degradation. 53,54 These results demonstrate that our strategy of using a crosslinkable molecule (OAN 3 ) could achieve highly stable and efficient P3HT-based PSCs.…”

Surface-Energy-Mediated Interfacial Adhesion for Mechanically Robust Ultraflexible Organic Photovoltaics

“…For detailed insights into interfacial adhesion mediated by surface energy, we used AFM force modulation to investigate the microscopic adhesive performance of the active layer. , Figure a,b,e,f shows two-dimensional adhesion maps of pristine and argon plasma-treated active layers, where blue and orange indicate the areas with low and high adhesion forces, respectively. The difference in adhesion force at different areas of the tested films is reflected by the color contrast in the rendered maps.…”

Integration of Large-Area Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and Substrates via Chemical Welding Using an Ionic Liquid for Applications in X-ray Detection

“…In addition to the solid electrical connection, securing sufficient mechanical adhesive strength is critical for fixing the PSC to the substrate. Several methods have been used to evaluate mechanical adhesion between a perovskite film and a substrate, such as measuring cohesion energy ( G c , J m –2 ) using a fragility test − or measuring adhesion force ( N ) using a pull-off test with an atomic force microscope . In the case of bulk perovskite, an adhesion strength to withstand a pressure of 3.5 kPa has been reported through a hook test .…”

“…Several methods have been used to evaluate mechanical adhesion between a perovskite film and a substrate, such as measuring cohesion energy (G c , J m −2 ) using a fragility test 35−37 or measuring adhesion force (N) using a pull-off test with an atomic force microscope. 38 In the case of bulk perovskite, an adhesion strength to withstand a pressure of 3.5 kPa has been reported through a hook test. 39 In this study, the mechanical adhesion strength was directly measured All samples bonded with MAAc showed similar or even greater adhesion strength than the LTM-bonded samples.…”