Adhesion in Wood. Part I. Physical Factors

Bonding kinetics of thermosetting adhesive systems used in wood-based composites: the combined effect of temperature and moisture content

“…This technique produces highly uniform surfaces because the fibers are cut cleanly. To minimize variability in bonding due to differences in the anatomical structure of earlywood and latewood [29], bonding surfaces were cut in the radial direction of the stem and, when mounted in the testing equipment, oriented at right-angles to each other. This ensured a nearly constant ratio of earlywood to latewood within each bond.…”

Studies on the Wood Gluing. XIV. Effect of Chemical Activity of Wood Surface on Polypropylene Bonding

“…The wood was acetylated progressively up to an acetyl content of about 23 percent. Furthermore, it was reported by Marian and Stumbo (1962) that silane treatment occured without nvAivcauie alteration in the surface structure of the treated wood on the investigation of microscopic and electron microscopic observations. The moisture content of silane treated wood equilibrated at same conditipns decreased rapidly up to one hour of reaction time.…”

“…Rudkin (1950) found that chemical bonds between active groups in the resin and hydroxyl groups in the wood play an important role in the adhesion, since acetylation of wood prior to gluing appreciably reduces the strength of joints made with urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive. Marian and Stumbo (1962) have reported that the residual bond strength of silane treated wood to controls is probably due to mechanical adhesion through interlocking, hooking effect or anchorage, äs the penetration of resin into wood and treated wood is the same. Figure 5.…”

Wood Adhesives and Bonding Theory

“…b. "Good wetting will assist spreading and penetration, but it is not identical with them, good wetting is a zero contact angle [5]. "…”