Adhesion of latex films; influence of surfactants

Charmeau, Jean‐Yves; Kientz, E.; Holl, Y.

doi:10.1016/0300-9440(95)00524-2

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[36][37][38][39][40][41] It is known that the presence of surfactants profoundly influences the mechanical strength, (1), an enamine, and/or option (2), an imine durability, adhesion, blocking, gloss, and permeability of the final film. [42][43][44][45][46] During this research it was discovered that the properties of the latex particles, the stages and conditions of film formation, and crosslinking all influence the rate of surfactant exudation. The processes are inter-related and should not be considered in isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diacetone acrylamide crosslinking reaction and its influence on the film formation of an acrylic latex

2008

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Waterborne colloidal polymers (i.e. latex) represent a promising alternative to organic solventbased systems in coatings applications. The development of mechanical strength and hardness is often enhanced by chemical crosslinking that creates a threedimensional network. If extensive crosslinking occurs within the particles prior to their coalescence, however, interdiffusion will be prevented. A weaker product will result. We have explored the inter-relationship between coalescence, crosslinking, and surfactant exudation in an acrylic latex containing diacetone acrylamide exploiting the ''keto-hydrazide'' crosslinking reaction. The complementary use of spectroscopic techniques on a model system determined that the crosslinking reaction yields an imine, not an enamine as has been proposed in some literature. Gel fraction measurements were used to probe the rate and amount of crosslinking and identified a slower rate in larger particles, suggesting that the transport of crosslinking agent is rate-limiting. The keto-hydrazide reaction was found to be acid catalyzed and favored at lower water concentration. Measurement of the latex pH relative to the polymer mass fraction during film formation clarified the expected point of onset for crosslinking in relation to particle packing. Atomic force microscopy was used to follow surface leveling relative to the competing influence of crosslinking. The rate and total amount of surfactant exudation were found to be influenced by crosslinking, particle deformability (as determined by the temperature relative to the polymer glass transition temperature), and the evaporation rate (as controlled by the relative humidity). There is evidence that surfactant exudation can be triggered by the particle deformation that occurs at film formation temperatures well above the glass transition temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diacetone acrylamide crosslinking reaction and its influence on the film formation of an acrylic latex

2008

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“…At the same time, the surfactants are not really compatible with the polymer. They may tend to segregate towards the film±air or film±support interfaces or to form domains in the film [3]; as a result the smoothness of coated paper will decrease. Because surfactants possess good wetting properties towards pigments, the ink absorbability of coated paper will also decrease.…”

Section: Effect Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance in paper coating of styrene/acrylate copolymer latex

Duan

Zhao

et al. 1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Copolymer latexes of styrene and acrylates (mainly butyl acrylate) were synthesized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and ethoxylated nonyl phenol containing ten ethylene oxide units were used as surfactants, and potassium persulfate was used as initiator. Coating for paper was made based on the copolymer latexes with white pigments. The performances of coated paper were measured. By varying experimental conditions such as comonomer proportion and amounts of emulsifiers and of initiator, a copolymeric latex suitable for paper coating was prepared. Paper coated with the latex showed satisfactory properties in glossiness, smoothness as well as ink absorbability. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Previous investigations have developed block or graft amphiphatic polymeric emulsifiers, polyelectrolytes, and polysoap emulsifiers. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Among the various polymeric emulsifiers, polyester-based emulsifiers are of paramount concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle nucleation mechanism for the emulsion polymerization of styrene with a novel polyester emulsifier

Chang¹,

Lee

Karlsson

et al. 2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The particle nucleation mechanism in emulsion polymerization of styrene with a novel polyester emulsifier, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester sodium saltmodified tetracarboxylic acid-terminated polyester (SMTAPE), was investigated. The consumption of SMTAPE micelles was monitored by the measurement of surface tension during the emulsion polymerization. Kinetic studies and emulsifier consumption clearly showed that a continuous nucleation mechanism without Smith-Ewart interval II was characteristic of this system. It was attributed to the high concentration of SMTAPE emulsifier in the polymerization, which led to a large surface area and a vast number of micelles around 10 nm in size that served as the major locus of particle nucleation. A broad particle size distribution was observed throughout the reaction, and the nucleation period lasted well into the reaction until the disappearance of the micelles or the disappearance of monomer droplets.

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Adhesion of latex films; influence of surfactants

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

The diacetone acrylamide crosslinking reaction and its influence on the film formation of an acrylic latex

The diacetone acrylamide crosslinking reaction and its influence on the film formation of an acrylic latex

Performance in paper coating of styrene/acrylate copolymer latex

Particle nucleation mechanism for the emulsion polymerization of styrene with a novel polyester emulsifier

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