Adhesive Catalyst Immobilization of Palladium Nanoparticles on Cotton and Filter Paper: Applications to Reusable Catalysts for Sequential Catalytic Reactions

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles dispersed in ammonium salts of hyperbranched polystyrenes are adhesively immobilized on the surface of cotton or filter papers by simply heating with dicarboxylic acids or halide anions. The resulting Pd@cotton and Pd@filter paper behave as reusable catalysts; in particular, Pd@filter paper is useful as catalyst for application to sequential cross‐coupling and hydrogenation reactions to produce several different products with just one piece of the paper catalyst.magnified image

A Simple and Versatile Approach for the Fabrication of Paper‐Based Nanocatalysts: Low Cost, Easy Handling, and Catalyst Recovery

“…Notably, the amount of Pd could be tuned by varying the number of ink layers. The range of Pd loadings in these materials is comparable to that of the method reported by Nagashima …”

“…This organotextile was used in several reactions such as the acylation of phenols to the esters and in the desymmetrization of anhydrides with very good enantioselectivity. More recently, Nagashima and co‐workers reported polycationic salt stabilized palladium nanoparticles immobilized on both cotton and paper as reusable catalysts for sequential cross‐coupling and hydrogenation reactions . Conventional filter paper is of inherent interest as a catalyst support, as it is cost effective, biodegradable, accessible, and flexible.…”

“…Oleylamine‐capped Pd nanoparticles absorbed on paper were reported to provide reusable catalysts for Suzuki cross‐coupling and nitro‐to‐amine reduction . These results show that such supports can be efficient, although in these examples, the synthetic strategies were complex (covalent grafting of the catalyst) or limited to a certain type of NP stabilizer to provide interactions with the support . To overcome this latter drawback, the use of an interface between the nanocatalyst and the support appears promising, as it would allow the utilization of any type of stabilizer.…”

“…Nikishima et al. reported the hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene by using a polymer/paper‐based catalyst but obtained no selectivity towards the alkene …”

Performing a catalysis reaction on filter paper: development of a metal palladium nanoparticle-based catalyst

“…32 Hence, lter paper has been ideally used to immobilize Au, 33,34 Ag, 35 Fe, 36 Ni, 37,38 Cu 39 and Pd NPs. 40,41 For catalytic applications, Xu et al 42 immobilized Pd NPs onto cellulose bers, but the process required long impregnation time (72 h) and high reaction temperature (60 C) to obtain high loading efficiency. Zheng et al 40 fabricated Pd NP-loaded lter paper with a high catalytic efficiency and recyclability by a dipcoating process.…”