Adiabatic shear banding and cracking phenomena occurring during cold-forging simulation tests of plain carbon steel wire rods by using a split Hopkinson’s pressure bar

A Review on the Adiabatic Shear Banding Mechanism in Metals and Alloys Considering Microstructural Characteristics, Morphology and Fracture

“…In addition, several manufacturing process tests have been implemented in order to investigate their effects on the propensity to form an ASB, such as forging [18,[20][21][22]194], extrusion [195] and rolling [23][24][25]196] in bulk forming, blanking/punching and deep drawing tests for sheet forming [25][26][27], high-speed machining [28][29][30][31][32][33][197][198][199][200] regarding cutting processes and projectile penetration via ballistic impact tests [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Figure 33a illustrates X-type and S-type ASB observations in Inconel 718 hot forging [21], while deformed and transformed ASBs are captured inside the serrated chip structure as the cutting speed increases in the high-speed machining of AISI 1045 steel, as shown in Figure 33b [30].…”

“…Finally, shear bands can be separated into stronger and weaker ones depending on interfacial friction and non-uniform instantaneous heating. Moreover, Kang et al [22] studied the cold forging of carbon steels, indicating diagonal shear bands with possible 45 • deep cracking inside the transformed shear bands in the case of pearlitic steel, while steels of higher pearlite volume fractions proved to be more sensitive to ASB development. In the case of the rolling process, Wei et al [23] reported two pairs of shear bands at the early stages of cold rolling of pure tungsten, while dynamic loading facilitates ASB formation due to the superiority of the thermal softening effect.…”