Adipose‑derived stem cell sheets combined with β‑tricalcium phosphate/collagen‑I fiber scaffold improve cell osteogenesis

Abstract

Transplantation of cell-based material is a promising approach for the treatment of critical bone defects. However, it is still limited by the lack of suitable scaffold material or abundant seeding cell sources. The present study aimed to establish a novel composite of an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheet and a synthetic porous β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen-I fiber (β-TCP/COL-I) scaffold to enhance osteogenic activity. ADSCs were isolated from 3-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats and the ADSC sheets were prepared in an osteoinductive medium. The study groups included the ADSC sheets/scaffold, scattered ADSCs/scaffold, ADSC sheet alone and scaffold alone. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry were used to observe cell-scaffold interactions and analyze the relative calcium content on the composites' surface. Alizarin red S staining was used to examine the calcium deposition. ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The results revealed that ADSCs were able to tightly adhere to the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold with no cytotoxicity. The calcifying nodules reaction was positive on ADSC sheets and gradually increased after osteogenic induction. In addition, the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold combined with ADSC sheets was able to significantly enhance the expression levels of ALP, OCN and OPN and increase the superficial relative calcium content compared to scattered ADSCs/scaffold or the ADSC sheet alone (P<0.05). The results indicated that ADSCs possess a strong osteogenic potential, particularly in the cell-sheet form and when compounded with the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold, compared to scattered ADSCs with a β-TCP/COL-I scaffold or an ADSC sheet alone. This novel composite may be a promising candidate for bone engineering.

Comparative study of dedifferentiated fat cell and adipose‐derived stromal cell sheets for periodontal tissue regeneration: In vivo and in vitro evidence

“…For example, decellularized trabecular bone (Shridhar et al, 2019) and decellularized ECM from osteogenic‐induced ADSCs (Blum et al, 2021) have been reported to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Synthetic materials such as β‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen‐I fibre scaffolds (Wang et al, 2021), hydrogel scaffolds (Kim et al, 2020), and PCL‐based nanofibrous composite scaffolds (Mansour et al, 2022) have also been employed to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Bioactive factors such as growth factors, miRNAs, and exosomes have been harnessed to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs (S. Yang et al, 2020; Tan et al, 2021).…”

“…For example, decellularized trabecular bone (Shridhar et al, 2019) and decellularized ECM from osteogenicinduced ADSCs (Blum et al, 2021) have been reported to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Synthetic materials such as β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen-I fibre scaffolds (Wang et al, 2021), hydrogel scaffolds (Kim et al, 2020), and PCL-based nanofibrous composite scaffolds (Mansour et al, 2022) have also been employed…”

Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials

“…Research finds that ASCs can adhere closely to the scaffold, proliferate, and form high-density bone tissue ( Wang et al, 2021a ). Compared with ASC sheets alone, the expression levels of osteogenic markers ALP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin (OPN) increased significantly ( Wang et al, 2021b ). Another animal experiment showed that the combination of ASCs improved the gap and surrounding ossification of the scaffold compared with the scaffold alone ( Lee et al, 2021 ).…”