2014
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069314
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: A Review of Signaling Networks Governing Cell Fate and Regenerative Potential in the Context of Craniofacial and Long Bone Skeletal Repair

Abstract: Improvements in medical care, nutrition and social care are resulting in a commendable change in world population demographics with an ever increasing skew towards an aging population. As the proportion of the world’s population that is considered elderly increases, so does the incidence of osteodegenerative disease and the resultant burden on healthcare. The increasing demand coupled with the limitations of contemporary approaches, have provided the impetus to develop novel tissue regeneration therapies. The … Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(38 citation statements)
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References 102 publications
(136 reference statements)
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“…To date, ASC have been studied extensively in the context of bone tissue engineering,with the literature showing various strategies that have been implemented to better induce osteogenic differentiation in adipose tissue, including the introduction of growth factors, different substrates, and even genetic modification. For example, ASCcan easily be directed towards osteogenic differentiation via growth factor or substrate treatment during cell culture with ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and/or other osteoinductive factors to name a few [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Furthermore, there are a numerous strategies that can be employed to achieve genetic manipulation for the purposes of upregulating osteogenesis; specifically, the vector and the gene delivery product can be selected [23] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, ASC have been studied extensively in the context of bone tissue engineering,with the literature showing various strategies that have been implemented to better induce osteogenic differentiation in adipose tissue, including the introduction of growth factors, different substrates, and even genetic modification. For example, ASCcan easily be directed towards osteogenic differentiation via growth factor or substrate treatment during cell culture with ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and/or other osteoinductive factors to name a few [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Furthermore, there are a numerous strategies that can be employed to achieve genetic manipulation for the purposes of upregulating osteogenesis; specifically, the vector and the gene delivery product can be selected [23] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Great success has been achieved in the field of cell-based therapies and organ reconstructions with utilization of adult stem cells including MSCs [35] and in particular adipose-derived stem cells [36]. MSCs as the typical stem cells for clinical research are present in many organs and tissues including bone marrow, skin, fat, and umbilical cord, and they can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes [35, 37].…”
Section: Clinical Applications Of Ncscsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The existing surgical techniques to reconstruct bone defects (including transplantation of autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts) are at present limited and somewhat disadvantageous [15,17]. In view of this and because of the increasing incidence of osteodegenerative diseases and the large number of people suffering bone fractures, skeletal disabilities and craniofacial skeletal pathology [18], tissue engineering is enormously required. ASCs, which are available in large quantities, constitute a major player in bone regeneration [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%