Adipose-derived Stem Cells: Potentials, Availability and Market Size in Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been described as one of the most potent and accessible human adult stem cells which can be utilized in various therapeutic approaches. Due to the vast variety of cytokines and GFs secreted by them, ADSCs can be used for controlled drug release. These cells can be used for proliferation and differentiation of tissues regardless of survival conditions and immunologic problems. Because of their ability to differentiate into various lineages, ADSCs can be used in musculoskeletal problems, diabetes, heart diseases, obesity, neurologic and nephrogenic diseases, and wound healing, as well as applications in regenerative medicine such as osteogenic, cartilage, tendon, muscle, skin, CNS, cardiac and vascularization, as well as liver and even periodontal regeneration. To maintain the highest viability and efficiency, companies that provide ADSCs should offer the best product quality to gain market share and scientists need to acquire an understanding of sources where they can find the best products available. Therefore, in this article, we have reviewed the available products, companies and the market size currently available for ADSCs. Enormous effort has been made to list the most important trials, products and companies, currently existent in the field. To achieve better outcomes in scientific research, there is the need to compare the products available and choose the best option according to desired goals. Thus, this paper provides a valuable reference for those interested in the field of ADSCs and their applications.

New, biomechanically sound tendon tissue after injection of uncultured, autologous, adipose derived regenerative cells in partial Achilles tendon defects in rabbits

“…Many recent studies addressed treatment of tendon injuries with allogeneic or xenogenic, cultured ADSCs in vivo (e.g., [69][70][71]). One potential motivation for the use of allogeneic cells in tendon regeneration could be the possibility to produce allogeneic, cultured ADSCs on an industrial scale without the need to perform on each individual subject a mini-liposuction before treatment [72]. An advantage of using allogeneic cells in treatment of tendon injuries would be to minimize biological variation [73], and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells would provide the benefits of proven cellular purity, multipotency, consistency and ease of acquisition without the delays required for autologous cell isolation, characterization and propagation; these benefits would outweigh the risk of an inflammatory (rejection) reaction in response to foreign proteins, specifically major histocompatibility complexes [74].…”

Research Advances on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promoting the Reconstruction of Alveolar Bone through RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway

“…ADSCs are rich in the human body and easily extracted; they are a common source cells of SC-EVs [87,88]. Lee et al [89] treated mice with osteoporosis in three groups: one that received an intravenous injection of ADSC-EVs (1 × 108 or 5 × 108 particles/100 µL PBS), one that received an intravenous injection of OPG-depleted ADSC-EVs (1 × 108 or 5 × 108 particles/100 µL PBS), and a control group.…”

Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Genes and Pathways Associated with Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells

“…Over 10 million bone transplants are performed worldwide each year, and the number is still growing at a rate of 10% annually [ 2 ]. Presently, autologous bone transplantation and allogeneic bone transplantation are the two main surgical options for treating bone defects and nonunion [ 3 , 4 ]. Autologous bone transplants are a common treatment for bone defects, but their use is limited due to their limited source, poor plasticity, and damaging to the donor site [ 5 ].…”