Adjunct Adverbials in English

Abstract

In this original study, Hilde Hasselgård discusses the use of adverbials in English, through examining examples found in everyday texts. Adverbials - clause elements that typically refer to circumstances of time, space, reason and manner - cover a range of meanings and can be placed at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence. The description of the frequency of meaning types and discussion of the reasons for selecting positions show that the use of adverbials differs across text types. Adverbial usage is often linked to the general build-up of a text and part of its content and purpose. In using real texts, Hasselgård identifies a challenge for the classification of adjuncts, and also highlights that some adjuncts have uses that extend into the textual and interpersonal domains, obscuring the traditional divisions between adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts.

Actually, Genuinely, Really, and Truly

“…Because of this lack of clear distinction between subjuncts and adjuncts, most grammarians (e.g. Biber et al 1999, Hasselgård 2010, Huddlston & Pullum 2002 do not differentiate subjuncts from adjuncts.…”

Autoriaus pozicijos adverbialai ir adverbializacija lietuvių mokslo kalboje

“…Following Biber et al (1999) and Hasselgård (2010) an attempt is made to show that alongside circumstance adverbials there are also linking adverbials and stance adverbials in Lithuanian. The means of realization of stance adverbials in Lithuanian is not only adverbs but also so called modal words (galbūt 'maybe', tikriausiai 'most probably'), various particles (taigi 'therefore', visgi 'still', 'nevertheless'), CTPs (manoma 'it is believed', natūralu 'naturally'), various adverbial clauses (kaip matyti 'as it is seen, as one can see', kaip žinoma 'as is known') but also prepositional phrases (pasak X 'according to X').…”

Response to Davies and Fuchs

“…These are websites which are replicated in domains other than their original domain, such that a website in the ".hk" (Hong Kong) domain, for example, may have been mirrored from virtually anywhere. There is, in fact, a great deal of duplication on the Internet (see also Hundt 2013). Secondly, one of the major attractions of the Internet is the anonymity that it affords to writers (especially of weblogs).…”