Adjustment of the conditions required for complete decontamination of T-2 toxin residues with alkaline sodium hypochlorite

Faifer, Graciela C.; Velazco, Viviana; Godoy, Héctor M.

doi:10.1007/bf00197364

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Generally, there are several methods to reduce the harmful effects of T-2 toxin, including physical, chemical, and biological procedures. Irradiation provides intense energy to break down T-2 toxin in grains [12], and strong alkaline solutions can inhibit T-2 toxin biological activity [13]. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment can also degrade T-2 toxin, destroying its 12,13-epoxide ring [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks

Wei

Sun

et al. 2019

Toxins

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with four replicates of six birds each. The four groups, 1–4, received a basal diet (BD), a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, a BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, and a BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for two weeks. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, and small intestinal histopathology were analyzed. Compared to the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio by 11.4%–31.8% during the whole experiment. It also decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9%–16.1%. The alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated (p < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation prevented (p < 0.05) increased serum aspartate aminotransferase by T-2 toxin at d 14. It also prevented (p < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. However, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (p > 0.05) any of these variables. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the modified HSCAS adsorbent could be used against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hepatic and small intestinal injuries in chicks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks

Wei

Sun

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…However, the reduced species reverted to the parent compound under alkaline conditions (Murphy et al, 2006). Exposure to full-strength household bleach for at least 6 hours was suggested for the decontamination of T-2 toxin (Huebner et al, 2007), but others (Faifer et al, 1994;Wannemacher et al, 1989) found more effective inactivation with a combination of hypochlorite and strong base. Super Tropical Bleach (STB; 7% w/w calcium oxide and 93% w/w calcium hypochlorite/chlorinated lime, freshly prepared as a 7%-50% w/w solution) (Octagon Process, 1987) inactivated T-2 toxin on surfaces at 70º-80ºF within 30-60 minutes (USAMRIID, 2011;Wannemacher et al, 1989).…”

Section: Small Molecule Toxin Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Expose 1 volume of sample to at least 9 volumes of NaOCl/NaOH solution (a 1:1 v/v mixture of full-strength household bleach with 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide) for 48-72 hours (Faifer et al, 1994). Others suggest a 4-hour exposure to the NaOCl/NaOH solution (Wannemacher et al, 1989).…”

Section: Decontamination Protocols For T-2 Toxin and Diacetoxyscirpenolmentioning

confidence: 97%

Laboratory Decontamination of HHS-Listed and HHS/USDA Overlap Select Agents and Toxins

et al. 2013

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This review describes the susceptibilities of all currently HHS-listed and HHS/USDA Overlap select agents and toxins to 8 chemical and 2 physical decontaminants: alcohols, aldehydes, bleach/hypochlorite, iodine, peroxides, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, strong base, dry heat, and steam autoclaving. Inactivation protocols from the literature are presented to facilitate decontamination and the validation of decontamination in basic research and biodefense laboratories. These strategies provide a measure of public confidence that every select agent and toxin on surfaces or in solution can be rendered biologically inactive with easily managed procedures.

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“…Similarly, the obvious reduction of T-2 toxin amount in grains did not appear after treatment of γ-ray and electron beam [11]. The toxicity of T-2 toxin could be lowered by treatment of NaClO solution in NaOH, but it could result in the Chloride residue [12,13]. Baccharis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glow Discharge Plasma Efficiently Degrades T-2 Toxin in Aqueous Solution and Patulin in Apple Juice

Liu¹,

Bi²,

Long³

et al. 2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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The degradation of T-2 toxin in aqueous solution and patulin in apple juice at different conditions by glow discharge plasma (GDP) was investigated. High performance liquid chromatograph (HLPC) was used to analyze the toxins concentration which was changed by treatment time. The results showed that GDP treatment could rapidly and effectively degrade T-2 toxin in aqueous solution and patulin in apple juice. The higher the initial toxin concentrations, the higher treatment efficiency could be achieved within the same time. The degradation rates of T-2 toxin at any different initial concentration were all up to 30% after 8 min, whilst no T-2 toxin was detected after 40 min. The toxin removal rate was faster at a relatively higher acidity and alkalinity levels. The Fe 2+ and H 2 O 2 exhibited strong catalysis ability to the degradation reactions. The values of pH in the degraded solution were decreased rapidly due to the formation of carboxylic acids. Afterwards, the values were increased as carboxylic acids were decomposed into CO 2 and H 2 O. The dynamics equation curve is most appropriate and confirms that the degradation reaction of T-2 toxin by GDP belonged to the first order kinetics reaction, which could be expressed as ln (C 0 /C t )=kt. Quality evaluation of the apple juice indicated that GDP treatment within 10 min had little effects on quality of apple juice.

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Adjustment of the conditions required for complete decontamination of T-2 toxin residues with alkaline sodium hypochlorite

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks

A Novel Modified Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) Adsorbent Can Effectively Reduce T-2 Toxin-Induced Toxicity in Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemistry, and Small Intestinal Morphology in Chicks

Laboratory Decontamination of HHS-Listed and HHS/USDA Overlap Select Agents and Toxins

Glow Discharge Plasma Efficiently Degrades T-2 Toxin in Aqueous Solution and Patulin in Apple Juice

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