Adjuvant Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer occurred in approximately 1,8 million patients and caused an estimated 1,6 million deaths in 2012, worldwide. NSCLC constitutes approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Patients with early-stage NSCLC are surgically treated for curative goals. However, many patients are at risk of recurrence despite complete resection. This suggests that a large proportion of patients have the micrometastatic disease even at the early course of the disease. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the results of adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy studies to improve survival in NSCLC.

The significance of immunonutrition nutritional support in patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for lung cancer: case–control study

“…In some of the cases that have a chance for surgical treatment, postoperative anticancer treatment methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or combinations) may be given according to the histopathological examination results of the surgical material and stage of the disease. Many studies have reported that anticancer treatments, especially chemotherapy treatment, have a positive effect on survival and reduce the risk of distant metastasis and local recurrence [ 3 , 5 – 7 , 11 ]. Despite these positive effects of chemotherapy, there are many adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, other gastrointestinal system side effects, anorexia, malabsorption, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, cognitive disorders, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, and increased risk of sepsis [ 12 , 13 ].…”

“…Patients scheduled for postoperative chemotherapy must endure all the challenges of postoperative recovery as well as the adverse effects of chemotherapy, in addition to the presenting symptoms of the existing malignancy. The increased metabolic requirements following anatomic pulmonary resection become even more apparent under the catabolic effects of chemotherapy, and this process is also adversely affected by several factors, such as pain, anxiety, impaired taste, and loss of appetite, resulting in a considerable reduction in food intake [ 3 , 10 , 14 ]. This issue has also inspired various studies, and it has been shown that in patients with lung cancer, 30 to 73% of the patients have malnutrition and weight loss despite various treatment methods [ 15 , 16 ].…”

“…Lung cancer is currently the primary cause of cancer-related death [ 1 , 2 ]. It is mainly classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers [ 3 ]. Lung cancer treatments are based mainly on patient-specific characteristics, such as tumor histology, disease stage, age, pulmonary functions, and comorbidities [ 4 ].…”

“…Surgery is the most effective treatment method for early NSCLC patients, although patients identified with advanced-stage disease in postoperative staging may experience recurrence or distant metastasis, despite the operation. This suggests that the majority of patients have micrometastatic disease during resection, and those who are eligible are administered postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, although the survival benefit of this approach is currently unknown [ 3 , 5 – 7 ].…”

Bibliometric Analysis of 50 Most Cited Articles Comparing Lobectomy with Sublobar Resection

“…Lung cancers can be divided into two main groups: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), of which the latter accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. 2 Treatment decisions for lung cancers are based mainly on patient-specific characteristics, such as tumor histology, disease stage, age, pulmonary functions, and comorbidities. 3 Surgery is the most effective treatment of choice for early-stage NSCLC, 4 5 and is believed to be associated with differences in postoperative complications, recurrence, metastasis, and survival, depending on the choice of surgical procedure.…”