Administration of nitrofurantoin in dogs with lower urinary tract infections: 14 cases (2013‐2019)

Leuin, Allison S; Hartmann, F; Viviano, Katrina R.

doi:10.1111/jsap.13252

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…and Pseudomonas spp., as these bacteria are intrinsically resistant to NIT [ 82 ]. In contrast to earlier reports, the macrocrystalline formulation of NIT prescribed today rarely causes gastrointestinal side effects [ 80 , 83 ]. Clinical treatment with NIT also requires excellent compliance from the owner, as the drug must be administered every 8 h due to its low plasma concentration [ 21 , 78 , 83 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Nitrofurantoin is recommend by current guidelines as a second-line antimicrobial in sporadic bacterial cystitis [ 21 ]. However, due to its toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic properties, it should only be considered in cases of UTI caused by MDR bacteria [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ]. The excellent efficacy of NIT is also supported by our data, as 94.5% of the MDR isolates identified in this study were susceptible to this drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats

2022

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Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common diagnosis in companion animal practice and is one of the leading reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions. We analysed 1862 samples from the urinary tract of dogs and cats, submitted to a veterinary microbiological diagnostic laboratory in 2019 and 2020 in Germany. Susceptibility of 962 uropathogenic isolates to 15 antimicrobials, suggested as first- and second-line treatment options for UTI, was determined according to CLSI recommendations. Bacterial growth of uropathogens was detected in 43.9% of dog and in 38.5% of cat samples. Escherichia (E.) coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (48.4%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (11.9%) and coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS; 11.5%). Females were more likely to exhibit a positive microbiological culture. Regarding first-line antibiotics, 93.4% of the most commonly isolated uropathogenic species were susceptible to the first-line antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) and 87.6% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), while 76.1% showed decreased susceptibility to ampicillin (AMP). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 11.9% of E. coli, 50.4% of enterococci, and 42.7% of CoPS; 90.6% of these isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (NIT). Our data indicate that empiric treatment of UTI with AMC or SXT could be recommended and is preferable to treatment with AMX. NIT should be considered for the treatment of MDR uropathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats

2022

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“…Nitrofurantoin is considered very effective against E. coli [ 67 , 68 ] and a reasonable alternative to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams in the treatment of UTIs in human medicine and small-animal clinical practice [ 67 , 69 , 70 ]. As expected, all E. coli isolates were susceptible to this antimicrobial, and only three K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern

Matos

Cunha

Baptista³

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat with an increasing expression in low- and middle-income countries such as Cape Verde. In this country, there is an overpopulation of dogs, which may facilitate the spread of resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. To clarify the role of dogs as reservoirs for the dissemination of this bacterial group, 100 rectal swab samples were collected from confined (n = 50) and non-confined (n = 50) dogs in Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde. These were analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques for the detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and characterization of their pathogenic and resistance profiles. Twenty-nine samples displayed ESBL-positive bacteria, from which 48 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained and mostly identified as Escherichia coli. Multiple antimicrobial resistance indexes ranged from 0.18 to 0.70 and half of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Isolates were capable of producing relevant virulence factors, including biofilm, showing virulence indexes between 0.29 and 0.71. As such, dogs in Cape Verde may act as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, including pathogenic and zoonotic species, representing a public health concern. Although further investigation is needed, this study proposes the periodical analysis of dogs’ fecal samples to monitor resistance dissemination in the country, in a One-Health perspective.

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“…For this study, we examined antibiotics that are clinically relevant and are used to treat human and animal infections caused by E. coli , including nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin ( Wagenlehner et al 2013 ; Pérez et al 2014 ; Huttner et al 2015 ; Papich 2017 ; Huttner et al 2018 ; Kot 2019 ; Drekonja et al 2021 ; Leuin et al 2021 ). We also included the antibiotic tetracycline, which is used for other types of infections ( Roberts 2003 ) and is commonly found at low concentrations in many natural environments ( Liu et al 2018 ; Song et al 2021 ; Wang et al 2021 ). For each of these antibiotics, the selection was carried out over a wide-range of subMIC antibiotic levels to determine the minimal selective concentration (MSCs), where MSC is defined as the lowest antibiotic concentration where the fitness cost of the resistance is balanced by the antibiotic-conferred selection for the resistant mutant ( Gullberg et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervasive Selection for Clinically Relevant Resistance and Media Adaptive Mutations at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations

Pereira

Warsi

Andersson

2023

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Experimental evolution studies have shown that weak antibiotic selective pressures (i.e. when the antibiotic concentrations are far below the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) can select for resistant mutants, raising several unanswered questions. First, what are the lowest antibiotic concentrations at which selection for de novo resistance mutations can occur? Second, with weak antibiotic selections, which other types of adaptive mutations unrelated to the antibiotic selective pressure are concurrently enriched. Third, are the mutations selected under laboratory settings at sub-MIC also observed in clinical isolates? We addressed these questions using Escherichia coli populations evolving at sub-MICs in presence of either of four clinically used antibiotics: fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance evolution was investigated at concentrations ranging from 1/4th to 1/2000th of the MIC of the susceptible strain (MICsusceptible). Our results show that evolution was rapid across all the anitibiotics tested, and selection for fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin resistant mutants was observed at a concentration as low as 1/2000th of MICsusceptible. Several of the evolved resistant mutants showed increased growth yield and exponential growth rates, and outcompeted the susceptible ancestral strain in the absence of antibiotic as well, suggesting that adaptation to the growth environment occurred in parallel with selection for resistance. Genomic analysis of the resistant mutants showed that several of the mutations selected under these conditions are also found in clinical isolates, demonstrating that experimental evolution at very low antibiotic levels can help in identifying novel mutations that contribute to bacterial adaptation during sub-MIC exposure in real life settings.

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Administration of nitrofurantoin in dogs with lower urinary tract infections: 14 cases (2013‐2019)

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats

ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern

Pervasive Selection for Clinically Relevant Resistance and Media Adaptive Mutations at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations

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