Administration of Nitrous Oxide to Pediatric Patients Provides Analgesia for Venous Cannulation

Sedation with 50% nitrous oxide/oxygen for outpatient dental treatment in individuals with intellectual disability

“…12,15,16 The present study focused on the sedative effects of the 50% N 2 O/O 2 mixture and did not evaluate the analgesic effects, which are more usually the primary measurement of success in medical studies. 4,11,17 The systematic injection of a local anaesthetic for any potentially painful procedure could, therefore, explain the high percentage of success in comparison with certain studies in medical or surgical fields. 17 The increase in the Venham score between T1 and T2 showed a slight behavioural reaction to the injection of local anaesthesia.…”

“…4,11,17 The systematic injection of a local anaesthetic for any potentially painful procedure could, therefore, explain the high percentage of success in comparison with certain studies in medical or surgical fields. 17 The increase in the Venham score between T1 and T2 showed a slight behavioural reaction to the injection of local anaesthesia. It is unknown whether this reaction is related to the pain of injection, to psychogenic stress, or to the bitter taste of the anaesthetic solution.…”

“…1 The use of a safe, simplified sedation technique, with a single agent, may be an argument for extending the indications of conscious sedation to other simple acts performed in the institutionalized setting by qualified care staff, such as phlebotomy or wound dressing. 17 It is essential, however, that anaesthetists be involved in the development, standardization, and teaching of such techniques and that mandatory qualifications be put in place around the world. 7,23 Accepted for publication 26th March 2007.…”

A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair

“…Few studies in children using N 2 O for anxiety and pain relief during procedures have been undertaken. Procedures prospectively studied include suturing, 7,8 venipuncture, 14,29 fracture reduction, 13,17 and dental procedures. 30,31 During emergency suturing, Gamis et al 7 demonstrated safety and mild efficacy of 30% N 2 O in children 8 years and older, and Burton et al 8 reported safety and efficacy of 50% N 2 O in 17 children 2 to 7 years old.…”

The history of nitrous oxide. Should it still be used in pediatric medicine? (Part II)

“…Also in reduction of bone fractures and other minor treatments is it frequently used [65,66,67,68,69,70,71]. However, it may result in an higher incidence of nausea and vomiting and also in an elevated homocysteine concentration and inactivation of methionine synthase and its effects.…”