Adoção por casais do mesmo sexo na perspectiva de profissionais do Sistema de Justiça

Abstract

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como os profissionais que atuam no Sistema de Justiça experienciam a prática de avaliação e habilitação para adoção por casais do mesmo sexo. Foram entrevistados 27 profissionais (dois juízes, três promotores, 11 psicólogas e 11 assistentes sociais) atuantes em 10 Comarcas de três estados brasileiros, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo e interpretados pela teoria bioecológica. Segundo os profissionais, a procura desse público é crescente, no entanto, muitos pretendentes ainda se apresentam sozinhos, por receio ou desconhecimento de que a adoção conjunta é possível. Os casos deferidos foram de casais que compartilhavam o projeto parental e apresentavam uma rede de apoio favorável, enquanto os indeferidos se remetiam, sobretudo, àqueles que insistiam em manter em segredo sua orientação sexual ou seu companheiro(a), e quando não houve adaptação pretendentes-criança. Ressaltaram-se as experiências como positivas nas atuações e intervenções seguintes.

Same-sex parenting in Brazil and Portugal: An integrative review

“…In studies with adults from the general population of Portugal (Costa et al, 2013) and Brazil (Cerqueira- Santos et al, 2017), the most positive conceptions related to adoption were associated first with heterosexual couples, then with female couples, and finally, male couples, which reinforces current gender standards, in which women are traditionally associated with motherhood and care. This conception linked to the reproduction of traditional gender roles was also found in Brazilian and Portuguese studies conducted with medical, psychosocial and legal professionals (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Machado, 2014;Xavier et al, 2019). However, another argument was also pointed out by professionals in the psychosocial and legal areas: the recognition that this family formation is as competent as others and that the family's desire and responsibility toward the child is independent of the reproduction of cisheteronormative social values (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Machado, 2014;Xavier et al, 2019).…”

“…This conception linked to the reproduction of traditional gender roles was also found in Brazilian and Portuguese studies conducted with medical, psychosocial and legal professionals (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Machado, 2014;Xavier et al, 2019). However, another argument was also pointed out by professionals in the psychosocial and legal areas: the recognition that this family formation is as competent as others and that the family's desire and responsibility toward the child is independent of the reproduction of cisheteronormative social values (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Machado, 2014;Xavier et al, 2019).…”

“…However, in Brazil and Portugal, limitations on how to proceed with the process of assessing homosexual couples were mentioned among professionals in the legal and psychosocial fields (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Xavier et al, 2019;Ximenes & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018), demonstrating the fragility of same-sex parent families in this context. Faced with the perceived limitations, strategies reported by professionals in these fields were: to seek knowledge in the scientific literature, promoting an updated performance; talk to more experienced professionals to reduce insecurities about the assessment; and increase comfort with families through interpersonal contact with applicants to same-sex parental adoption (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Xavier et al, 2019).…”

“…However, in Brazil and Portugal, limitations on how to proceed with the process of assessing homosexual couples were mentioned among professionals in the legal and psychosocial fields (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Xavier et al, 2019;Ximenes & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018), demonstrating the fragility of same-sex parent families in this context. Faced with the perceived limitations, strategies reported by professionals in these fields were: to seek knowledge in the scientific literature, promoting an updated performance; talk to more experienced professionals to reduce insecurities about the assessment; and increase comfort with families through interpersonal contact with applicants to same-sex parental adoption (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Xavier et al, 2019). In this regard, positive correlations were found between agreement on same-sex parent adoption and the level of interpersonal contact with homosexual people, as evidenced in studies: with Brazilian university students from law and social work courses (Cerqueira- Santos & Santana, 2015); in the assessment of the Brazilian population (Cerqueira- Santos et al, 2017); and in the evaluation of the Portuguese population, mainly among women and non-Catholic heterosexual people (Costa et al, 2015).…”

“…The development and well-being of children in families, as well as conceptions of parenting skills to ensure healthy child development, were topics highlighted in the studies. For part of the participants of studies with university students and psychology, social workers and law professionals, while preserving the necessary conditions for the education and care of a child, it was understood that parental skills ensure the child's biopsychosocial development without sexual orientation interfering in the exercise and quality of parenting (Cecílio & Scorsolini-Comin, 2018;Cerqueira-Santos & Santana, 2015;Gomes & Fernandez, 2019;Santos et al, 2018;Xavier et al, 2019). In Portugal, this belief was prevalent among judges and social workers and less among lawyers and prosecutors (Xavier et al, 2019).…”