Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitude Scales: Validity and Contributions to Physical Activity and Self-Concept in Spanish Adolescents

Abstract

In this study, we examined the psychometric properties for the time attitude subscales of the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitude Scale–Spanish (AATI-TA–Spanish). We sought to determine the internal consistency, structural validity, gender and age invariance, and convergent validity of scores on the six subscales: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Positive, Present Negative, Future Positive, and Future Negative. Participants were 789 Spanish adolescents. Reliability estimates indicated high internal consistency across the subscales. Confirmatory factor analyses provided strong support for the theorized 6-factor structure. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance was demonstrated for gender and early and late adolescent groups. Convergent validity was shown for physical activity and self-concept. Overall, results provided strong psychometric evidence that Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitude Scale–Spanish scores may be used effectively with Spanish adolescents.

Time Attitude Profiles and Health-Related Behaviors: Validation of a Spanish Version of the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory–Time Attitudes (AATI-TA)

“…Scores on the six-factor structure have shown scalar invariance between younger and older adolescents in Spain on the short version (Konowalczyk et al, 2018), between adolescents and young adults in Italy (Donati et al, 2019) using the full 30-item scale, and between young and middle-aged adults in the US for five scales (excluding future negative; Mello et al, 2016). The sixfactor have also been shown scalar invariance by gender (Konowalczyk et al, 2018; and configural invariance over a 2-year period . In short, reliability and structural validity evidence for the six AATI-TA subscale scores is generally strong to date, with less support for the future negative scores.…”

“…Suboptimal reliabilities for future negative scores have been reported in a few studies (e.g., . However, in a study using Peruvian Spanish, future negative scores had an alpha estimate of .74 (Worrell, Merino Soto, et al, 2018), and future negative scores obtained an alpha estimate of .85 in a sample of adolescents in Spain (Konowalczyk et al, 2018). Thus, although it seems as if the future negative construct may be harder to measure, the extant data suggest that it can be measured reliably in many contexts and samples.…”

“…We hypothesized that AATI-TA scores would be reliable and the theorized 6-factor structure would yield acceptable fit estimates. We also hypothesized that the scores would be invariant across gender and developmental period as reported in Italy (Donati et al, 2019) and Spain (Konowalczyk et al, 2018).…”

“…As noted in the Introduction, the AATI-TA consists of six subscales that assess positive and negative attitudes toward the past (Past Positive, Past Negative), present (Present Positive, Present Negative), and future (Future Positive, Future Negative). The instrument has been translated into several different languages, including Spanish, and the Spanish version has been used in other studies (Konowalczyk et al, 2018). After looking the Spanish version of the AATI-TA (see Mello et al, 2010), the authors decided to start with the English version of the scale (Mello & Worrell, 2007) and do a translation to the Spanish dialect of the Rio de la Plata, that is used mostly in Uruguay and the Buenos Aires region of Argentina.…”

“…The subscale scores have generally been found to be internally consistent , with some exceptions for Future Negative scores (e.g., Şahin-Baltaci et al, 2017). AATI-TA scores have demonstrated scalar invariance across males and females, younger and older adolescents, and adolescents and young adults (Donati et al, 2019;Konowalczyk et al, 2018).…”