Adolescent Goal Profiles, Perceptions of the Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate, and Competitive Trait Anxiety

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of task- and ego-orientation on adolescents’ perceptions of the parent-initiated motivational climate and competitive trait anxiety. Participants were 279 male and female adolescents (mean age = 14.41 years) who competed on organized sport teams. Based on a mean split on the two TEOSQ subscales, four goal orientation profile groups were created: high-task/high-ego, high-task/low-ego, high-ego/low-task, and low-task/low-ego. MANOVA results indicated that the high-task/low-ego group perceived that both their mother and father endorsed a learning and enjoyment motivational climate. In contrast, the high-ego/low-task group thought their mother and father valued a climate where success was coupled with low effort. In this group, fathers were perceived to cause worry about making mistakes. This group experienced the highest levels of competitive trait anxiety. For the high-task/high-ego group it was found that fathers emphasized a climate where success was linked to low levels of exerted effort and mothers were perceived to cause worry about making mistakes. However, the high-task/high-ego group also believed that both parents still valued learning and enjoyment in the development of physical skills. Lastly, individuals in the low-task/low-ego group perceived mothers to make them afraid of making mistakes in the learning of skills.

Peer motivational climate in youth sport: a qualitative inquiry

“…Research has developed instruments to measure the motivational climates created by PE teachers (Biddle, Cury, Goudas, Sarrazin, Famoze & Durand, 1995;Papaioannou, 1994), coaches (Newton, et al, 2000), parents (White, 1998), as well as sport heroes ). However, the influence of peers in transmitting task-involving versus egoinvolving climate cues has not been assessed yet in the sport psychology literature (Ntoumanis & Biddle, 1999).…”

Las orientaciones de meta de los estudiantes y los deportistas: perfiles motivacionales [The students and athletes goal orientations: Motivational profiles]

“…Sin embargo, estos perfiles no son tan extremos como cabría esperar en función de la combinación de las dos orientaciones de meta (el ego y a la tarea) derivada de la teoría de orientación de metas y que se planteó en el primer objetivo. Teóricamente, tales perfiles son alto en tarea y en ego, bajo en tarea y alto en ego, alto en tarea y bajo en ego y bajo en tarea y en ego (García-Mas y Hanrahan y Gross, 2005;White, 1998). Nuestros resultados ofrecen confirmación para la primera de esas combinaciones (perfil 4: elevadas puntuaciones en ambas orientaciones de meta) y, en consecuencia, para la existencia de sujetos con elevada motivación de logro en general.…”

“…Se asume que son, desde el punto de vista estadístico, oblicuas, es decir, que la orientación de meta a la tarea y al ego se relacionan y que «una persona puede ser alta o baja en una u otra o en ambas al mismo tiempo» (Roberts, 2001, p. 18). De este modo, se podrían establecer tipologías de sujetos en función de sus puntuaciones en sendas metas (Carr, 2006;Chian y Wang, 2008;García-Mas y Gimeno, 2008;Gimeno y García-Mas, 2008;Hanrahan y Gross, 2005;Hodge, Allen y Smellie, 2008;Moreno, Llamas y Ruíz, 2006;Navarro et al, 2008;Sit y Lindner, 2007;White, 1998). Desde un punto de vista teórico, el primer perfil agruparía a los sujetos con altas puntuaciones en las dos orientaciones, el segundo englobaría a sujetos con bajas puntuaciones en las dos, el tercer perfil lo formarían sujetos con altas puntuaciones en tarea y bajas puntuaciones en ego y el cuarto integraría a los sujetos con bajas puntuaciones en tarea y elevadas puntuaciones en ego.…”

Parental Influences on Adolescent Girl's Goal Orientations, Perceived Competence, Sport Friendship Quality, and Enjoyment

“…Therefore, we expected that an ego involving climate would be negatively related to perceived competence. White (1998) found that adolescent athletes who were higher in ego ori entation than task orientation were more likely to experience high levels of competitive anxiety in the form of worry and more likely to adopt negative motivational patterns. Furthermore, since 1998 she has reformulated (White, 2007, p. 137) her conception of a worry conducive climate as reflective of an "ego involving climate".…”

“…A third more recent climate is a "worry conducive" climate which is indicative of the athletes' perceptions of a climate that pro motes anxiety (White, 1998). Our examination of a worry conducive climate was largely of an exploratory nature as a worry conducive climate was not originally conceptualized within goal perspective theory and has rarely been studied outside of White's line of research (White, 1996;1998;White, Duda, & Hart, 1992). Duda and Horn's (1993) research supports the role of parents as social izing agents of their children's task and ego goal orientations.…”