Adolescent Pathways to Adult Smoking: Ethnic Identity, Peer Substance Use, and Antisocial Behavior

Abstract

African-Americans and Puerto Ricans were interviewed during adolescence, in their early twenties, and then again in their mid-twenties. Results indicated that earlier adolescent smoking, family conflict, and weak ethnic identity were significantly related to antisocial behavior, which in turn was related to associating with friends who smoked and/or used illegal drugs, and ultimately, to their own smoking. Results further indicate that early interventions in the development of tobacco use should focus on decreasing parental and adolescent smoking and parent-child conflict. If intervention occurs at a later time point, the emphasis should be on increasing ethnic identity and decreasing antisocial behavior.

Smoking and Co-occurring Disorders: Implications for Smoking Cessation Interventions for Adolescents in Residential Addiction Treatment

“…This rate did not differ by sex. We also found ADHD to be associated with smoking, and this is in accord with other studies that have found ADHD and behavioral disorders to be highly correlated with smoking, alcohol, and other drug abuse (Brook et al, 2010;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011;Gray et al, 2011). Interestingly, we found that for over half of the cases in our sample, cannabis use predated smoking initiation.…”

Acculturation and perceived discrimination: Predictors of substance use trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood among Hispanics

“…Studies have found that a strong ethnic identity is protective against substance use (Brook et al, 2010; Love et al, 2006; Marsiglia et al, 2004). However, other studies have found opposite (Zamboanga et al, 2009) or inconsistent (Kulis et al, 2012) associations.…”

Understanding Tobacco Use Onset Among African Americans

“…For example, African Americans may have fewer resources to quit smoking. 12 Factors such as peer substance use, 13 parent tobacco use, 14 targeted advertising, 15 and discrimination [16][17][18][19][20] may also differentially influence initiation among African Americans. One useful framework for conceptualizing the potential pathways is Moolchan's model of factors influencing tobacco use throughout the life-span.…”