Adolescent sleep disparities: sex and racial/ethnic differences

Organek, Katherine D. Marczyk; Taylor, Daniel J.; Petrie, Trent A.; Martin, Scott B.; Greenleaf, Christy; Dietch, Jessica R.; Ruiz, John

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.003

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Three studies included children only (6–13 years) in their sample (13%), 22,48,49 10 studies included adolescents only (14–19 years) (43%), 1,38–43,51,54,55 and 10 studies included children and adolescents (43%). 2,36,37,44–47,50,52,53 Racial/ethnic sleep disparities were similar for children and adolescents. For both age groups, Whites tended to sleep longer than minorities, Hispanics slept longer than Blacks, and findings were largely inconclusive for Asians.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Among the 18 studies that measured duration, 17 (94%) found at least 1 racial/ethnic disparity. 1,2,22,36–49 Overall, Whites had longer duration than Blacks and Hispanics. On average, Black youth tended to sleep shorter in duration and have later bedtimes than Hispanics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several reviews and meta-analyses have documented sleep disparities by race/ethnicity in the general and/or adult population. 27,29–34 Emerging literature has also explored childhood and adolescent sleeping patterns, but how these differ by race/ethnicity has not been well examined, 35,36 as most sleep studies in this age group tend to feature small and homogeneous study samples, focusing primarily on Whites. 37 No reviews to date have focused their attention exclusively on racial/ethnic disparities in sleep patterns among US children and/or adolescents, or how different methodological considerations may impact findings of racial/ethnic sleep disparities in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/ethnic sleep disparities in US school-aged children and adolescents: a review of the literature

et al. 2018

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Sleep is essential for optimal health, well-being, and cognitive functioning, and yet nationwide, youth are not obtaining consistent, adequate, or high-quality sleep. In fact, more than two-thirds of US adolescents are sleeping less than 8 hours nightly on school nights. Racial and ethnic minority children and adolescents are at an increased risk of having shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality than their white peers. In this review, we critically examined and compared results from 23 studies that have investigated racial/ethnic sleep disparities in American school-aged children and adolescents ages 6-19 years. We found that White youth generally had more sufficient sleep than minority youth, Hispanics had more than Blacks, and there was inconclusive evidence for Asians and other minorities. Recommendations for researchers include the following: (1) explore underlying causes of the disparities of these subpopulations, with a particular interest in identifying modifiable causes; (2) examine factors that may be impacted by racial/ethnic sleep disparities; (3) use a multidimensional approach to measuring sleep disparities; and (4) examine how beliefs about sleep are patterned by race/ethnicity. Understanding sleep disparities can inform interventions, policies, and educational programs to minimize sleep disparities and their impact on health, psychological, and educational outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/ethnic sleep disparities in US school-aged children and adolescents: a review of the literature

et al. 2018

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“…Among both children and adults, blacks, Hispanics and, in some samples, Asians, have shorter sleep durations than whites [37–39]. Children who live in families marked by low levels of income and parental education have shorter sleep durations and more sleep problems [40, 41].…”

Section: Mechanisms and Potential Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the Gap: Race/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity

2015

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Race/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in obesity are substantial and may widen in the future. We review seven potential mechanisms that recent research has used to explain obesity disparities. Those seven mechanisms fall into three broad groups—health behaviors, biological and developmental factors, and the social environment—which incorporate both proximate and upstream determinants of obesity disparities. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. population and to close race/ethnic and SES disparities in obesity will likely require the use of multifaceted interventions that target multiple mechanisms simultaneously. Unfortunately, relatively few of the mechanisms reviewed herein have been tested in an intervention framework.

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“…A multitude of evidence indicates that racial minority groups are more likely to report sleep disturbances compared to White individuals. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 For example, Black individuals report having worse sleep quality, 10 more nonrestorative sleep, 6 and more restless sleep 11 compared to White individuals. 5 , 8 Indeed, a study of urban primary care patients found that the odds of reporting clinically significant sleep disturbance (based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was 3 times higher in Black patients than White patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination as a mediator of racial disparities in insomnia disorder

et al. 2020

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Study Objectives Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to suffer from insomnia that is more severe; however, few studies have examined mechanisms by which racial disparities in severity of insomnia disorder may arise. One potential mechanism for disparities in insomnia severity is perceived discrimination. This study tested discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between race and insomnia. Methods Participants were recruited from communities in the Detroit metropolitan area and were diagnosed with insomnia disorder using the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). The final sample included 1,458 individuals. Insomnia symptom severity was assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index and self-reported racial discrimination was evaluated using a single item. Racial discrimination was tested as a mediator in the relationship between race and insomnia symptom severity. Individuals were categroized as either White or a racial minority (i.e., non White individuals), with sensitivity analyses examining Black individuals and non-Black racial minority groups. Results Consistent with our hypothesis, racial discrimination was a significant mediator accounting for 57.3% of the relationship between race and insomnia symptom severity. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the indirect effect of racial discrimination was stronger in the non-Black racial minority group compared to Black individuals. Conclusions These results provide support that racial discrimination is likely an important mechanism by which racial and ethnic sleep disparities exist. Implications for prevention, intervention, and treatment of insomnia in racial minorities to reduce health disparities are discussed.

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Adolescent sleep disparities: sex and racial/ethnic differences

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Racial/ethnic sleep disparities in US school-aged children and adolescents: a review of the literature

Racial/ethnic sleep disparities in US school-aged children and adolescents: a review of the literature

Mind the Gap: Race/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity

Racial discrimination as a mediator of racial disparities in insomnia disorder

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