Adolescent use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and relations to self-reports of social, personality and health aspects

Kindlundh, Anna M.S.

doi:10.1093/eurpub/11.3.322

Cited by 84 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In younger subjects, higher estimates have been reported, generally ranging between 1.5 and 6% of young males, and consistently with lower prevalence rates in young females, ranging between 0 and 2.4% [8,12,13,16,24,25,26]. The internet survey in Poland reported by Rachón et al [23] displayed somewhat higher figures compared to most studies (6% in males and 3% in females).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, while few surveys have been performed in the general population, there are several surveys conducted in specific subgroups with elevated risk of AAS use [8], such as adolescents [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], criminal justice clients [17,18,19], health club attendees [20], or clients in substance abuse treatment [7,21]. The paper by Yesalis et al [22], from the US National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, is among the very few papers assessing the prevalence or correlates of AAS in the general population, without restricting the study population to younger subjects or other risk groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use

Håkansson

Mickelsson²,

Wallin³

et al. 2012

Eur Addict Res

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Aims: To analyse correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use in the general male population. Design: A national household survey. Participants: Individuals aged 15–64 years in Sweden. Measurements: AAS use and potential correlates of AAS use, including demographic data, financial situation, physical training, and substance use. In hierarchical logistic regression analyses, lifetime users of AAS (n = 240) were compared to all nonusers (n = 13,920) and to nonusers who reported that they had been offered AAS (n = 487). Results: AAS use was most strongly associated with a lifetime history of illicit drug use and the misuse of prescription drugs. When controlling for substance use, AAS was associated with physical training and lower education. Illicit drug use and misuse of prescription drugs separated AAS users from nonusers who had been offered AAS. No associations were seen with AUDIT scores for risk alcohol drinking. Conclusions: In this general population survey in men, lifetime use of AAS appears to share common characteristics with illicit substance use. Both substance use variables and physical training remained associated with AAS use when controlling for one another.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use

Håkansson

Mickelsson²,

Wallin³

et al. 2012

Eur Addict Res

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“…Since, both human and animal studies have shown that pubertal AAS exposure has varied effects on mood, such as increased irritability and aggression (Kopera, 1985, Kindlundh et al, 2001, Thiblin and Parlklo, 2002, Farrell and McGinnis, 2003a, Wesson and McGinnis, 2006, pubertal exposure to AAS may alter the central nervous system. Therefore, we hypothesized that gonadally intact males exposed to chronic high doses of AAS during puberty would show increased spine densities on neurons within the anterior medial amygdala, posterodorsal medial amygdala, and the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus compared to gonadally intact controls treated with vehicle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids increases spine densities on neurons in the limbic system of male rats

Cunningham¹,

Claiborne²,

McGinnis³

2007

Neuroscience

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Human studies show that the number of teenagers abusing anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is increasing. During adolescence, brain development is altered by androgen exposure, which suggests that AAS may potentially alter central nervous system development. The goal of the present study was to determine whether pubertal AAS exposure increased dendritic spine densities on neurons within the medial amygdala and the dorsal hippocampus. Pubertal gonadally intact male rats received the AAS testosterone propionate (5mg/kg) or vehicle for 5 days/week for four weeks. To determine the long-term implications of pubertal AAS use, another set of males received the same AAS treatment and were then withdrawn from AAS exposure for 4 weeks. Results showed that pubertal AAS exposure significantly increased spine densities on neurons in the anterior medial amygdala, posterodorsal medial amygdala, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared to gonadally intact control males. Spine densities returned to control levels within the anterior medial amygdala and the posterodorsal medial amygdala 4 weeks after withdrawal. However, spine densities remained significantly elevated after AAS withdrawal in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that pubertal AAS exposure may have a long-lasting impact on CA1 hippocampal neuroanatomy. Since pubertal AAS exposure increased spine densities and most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system occur on dendritic spines, AAS may increase neuronal excitation. It is proposed that this increase in excitation may underlie the behavioral responses seen in pubertal AAS-treated male rats. KeywordsTestosterone; Medial Amygdala; Hippocampus; Withdrawal; DiI Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use by human adolescent males is on the rise (Burnett and Kleiman, 1994, DuRant et al., 1995, Melia et al., 1996. This is of particular concern because puberty is a time when increasing endogenous hormone levels influence brain maturation (Primus and Kellogg, 1990, Sisk et al., 2003), which may be adversely affected by AAS exposure. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 November 15. Two brain regions that have been found to be sensitive to pubertal hormones in both human and animal studies are the hippocampus and amygdala (Meyer et al., 1978, Giedd et al., 1996a, Giedd et al., 1996b, Romeo and Sisk, 2001, Giedd et al., 2006, Zehr et al., 2006. The volume of the amygdala and hippocampus has been shown to increase with age in human adolescents (Giedd et al., 1...

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“…Pokud si povšimneme psychologických faktorů ovlivňujících užívání dopingu, lze uvést řadu studií, které se tímto tématem zabývají (Kindlundh et al, 2001;Laure, Bissinger, 2007;Zelli, Malia, & Lucidi, 2010). Jsou uváděny takové faktory jako výsledky školní docházky, vnímaný status, sebejistota, nízké sebeocenění, rysová úzkost, kvalita vnitřních norem a hodnot.…”

Section: Doping a Sportující Mládežunclassified

Psychosociální aspekty rizikového chování sportujících dětí

Slepička¹,

Mudrák²

2013

StS

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ÚVODSport dětí a mládeže představuje významný společenský jev s celou řadou pozitivních funkcí. Sportujícím dětem slouží jako zábava naplňující volný čas, je aktivitou poskytující možnost odreagování a psychického uvolnění, obohacuje prožitkovou sféru o intenzivní emocionální i estetické prožitky. Sportovní aktivita nabízí příležitost k navazování sociálních kontaktů a rozvoji sociálních dovedností. Poskytuje také řadu možností pro seberealizaci, přináší prožitky úspěchu i zklamání. Pro dosažení sportovních cílů je nezbytné vynaložení úsilí a překonávání překážek, což ovlivňuje osobnost sportujícího jedince a pomáhá dotvářet jeho hodnotovou orientaci Toto pozitivní působení sportu dětí a mládeže však bývá často překrýváno některými závažnými negativními jevy, které mají vazbu na celospolečenské prostředí. K těmto jevům, stále více se vyskytujícím i ve sportu dětí a mládeže, lze přiřadit především tendence k užívání podpůrných látek, projevy agrese a násilí či nedodržování pravidel -podvádění. Sport dětí a mládeže tak může představovat také sociální mikroklima umožňující takové formy chování, které lze označit za rizikové, a to jak z hlediska celospolečenského, tak z hlediska osobnostního rozvoje sportujících dětí. Ukazuje se při tom, že zejména výkonnostně orientovaný sport dětí a mládeže s často enormním tlakem na okamžitý úspěch a jeho ekonomické zhodnocení vytváří prostředí stimulující rozvoj uvedeného rizikového chování. Sportu a jeho sociálnímu prostředí se pak klade za vinu, že ve jménu úspěchu mnohdy toleruje projevy agrese a násilí, nedostatečně se vypořádává s tendencí užívat podpůrné prostředky či s podváděním a překračováním sportovních pravidel. Tím se vytváří nestejné podmínky pro sportující jednice

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Adolescent use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and relations to self-reports of social, personality and health aspects

Abstract: The characteristics of AAS users extend beyond activities such as strength training and multiple drug use to include social, personality and health aspects.

Cited by 84 publications

References 37 publications

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use

Pubertal exposure to anabolic androgenic steroids increases spine densities on neurons in the limbic system of male rats

Psychosociální aspekty rizikového chování sportujících dětí

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