Adolescent use of potential novel probiotic Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) mitigates pubertal LPS-Induced behavioral changes in adulthood in a sex-specific manner by modulating 5HT1A receptors expression in specific brain areas

The gut microbiota, HPA axis, and brain in adolescent-onset depression: Probiotics as a novel treatment

“…Probiotics may also exert different effects on depressive symptoms among specific populations, based on differences between populations in the impact of stress on gut microbiota composition – and the effect of gut microbiota disturbances on the brain. In support of this concept, probiotics administered to adolescent rodents prevent enduring neural effects (hippocampal c-Fos expression evident only in males ( Murray et al, 2020 ); hippocampal 5HT1A expression evident only in females( Yahfoufi et al, 2021 )) and behavioral (anxiety-like behavior evident only in males( Murray et al, 2020 ); depressive-like behavior evident only in females( Yahfoufi et al, 2021 )) effects associated with immune stress exposure in a sex-dependent manner( Murray et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ). Yurkovetskiy et al showed that sexual dimorphism in the rodent gut microbiota emerges during puberty, a trend which is eliminated by male castration( Yurkovetskiy et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Animal models support the concept that normalization of gut microbiota disturbances during adolescence represents a unique opportunity to attenuate long-term effects of stress on the brain and behavior. For example, immune challenge (via LPS treatment, a model of immune stress) in rodents during the adolescent period is associated with short-term microbiota compositional changes, and long-term neural and behavioral alterations, which are prevented by consumption of probiotics during adolescence( Murray et al, 2019 , 2020 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ). Notably, Murray et al (2019) showed that one-time LPS exposure at 6 weeks was associated with enduring microbiota and behavioral changes, including phylum-level differences in relative Firmicutes:Proteobacteria ratio and increased anxious and depressive behaviors at 10 weeks.…”

Probiotics as modulators of gut-brain axis for cognitive development

“…Probiotics ( Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis ) also increase the expression of certain mRNA, serotonin-1A (5-HT1A), and serotonin (5-HT)-2C receptors in the hippocampus ( Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ), which could improve cognition.…”

The Role of MicroRNA and Microbiota in Depression and Anxiety

“…Several studies have shown that stress not only simulates NF-κB activation and monocyte migration to the intestine ( Jang et al, 2018 ) but also improves the density of Aspergillus and E. coli in the gut microbiota and increases fecal and serum LPS levels in rodents with anxiety-like behavior ( Frankiensztajn et al, 2020 ). Further investigation suggests that intraperitoneally injection with LPS triggers persistent depression-like behavior in adolescent female mice and anxiety in adult male mice ( Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ). Conversely, pubertal probiotic administration prevents LPS-induced depression/anxiety-like behaviors ( Sylvia et al, 2018 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Further investigation suggests that intraperitoneally injection with LPS triggers persistent depression-like behavior in adolescent female mice and anxiety in adult male mice ( Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ). Conversely, pubertal probiotic administration prevents LPS-induced depression/anxiety-like behaviors ( Sylvia et al, 2018 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ). These results support the hypothesis that LPS from proteobacteria causes an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract, which then activates NF-κB signaling and thus the HPA axis, and consequently leads to anxiety ( Girard-Joyal and Ismail, 2017 ; Yahfoufi et al, 2021 ).…”